Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 9
Laboratory Housing of Nonhuman
Primates
Stephen T. Kelley * and Carolyn M. Crockett y
* Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, y National Primate Research Center, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA
Chapter Outline
Introduction
251
Criteria for Selection of Facilities
261
History
251
Enrichment
261
Regulations and Guidelines Pertaining to
Primate Housing
Types of Group Enclosures
262
252
Corn Cribs
262
Cage Size
253
Runs or Pens
262
US Standards for Primary Enclosures
254
Corrals and Field Cages
262
Considerations for Selection of Enclosure Type
254
Islands
262
Primary Housing Design for Individuals, Pairs,
or Small Groups
Ground Surfaces and Floors
262
255
Soil Surfaces
262
General Considerations for Cage Design and
Construction
Rock Surfaces
263
255
Concrete Surfaces
263
Construction Materials
255
Elevated Floor/Perch Surfaces
263
Design Criteria
256
Animal Observation, Identification, and Handling
263
Species Considerations
256
Drinking Water Systems
264
General Features and Socialization Options
257
Continuous Flow
264
Cage Support System
258
Automatic Devices
264
Waste Collection
258
Feeding
264
Drinking Water Systems
259
Vermin Control
264
Feeding and Foraging Devices
259
Security
265
Perches and Other Enrichment Devices
260
Conclusion
265
Other Caging Options and Considerations
260
Acknowledgments
265
Containment Housing
260
References
266
Group Enclosures
260
INTRODUCTION
History
When medical laboratories began utilizing nonhuman
primates in the early 1950s, caging techniques became an
important factor in the lives of these captive animals.
Earlycagingtechniquesused by primate trappers in
India and South America led to fighting and disease
transmission. Trappers held groups of 10
often combined into larger groups of 50 or more primates
after they arrived at an exporter's facility. Animals were
not segregated by sex, size, age, or family groups, and
primates trapped from diverse geographical areas were
caged together in the exporter's facility. Diarrhea, tuber-
culosis, pneumonia, and malnutrition were commonly
associated with these trapping techniques and over-
crowded caging conditions. Exposures to human pop-
ulations and human diseases added to the animals'
medical problems. Diarrhea and malnutrition often
resulted from the dietary change after captivity. Prolonged
20 primates in
large enclosures (gang cages) until the primates could be
shipped to their next destination. These small groups were
e
Search WWH ::




Custom Search