Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.1
Helpful Resources Relevant to Nonhuman Primate Behavioral Management
Topics on Enrichment:
Erwin, J, Maple. T.L., and Mitchell, G. (Eds). (1979). “Captivity and Behavior: Primates in Breeding Colonies, Laboratories and Zoos
.Van
Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York.
Segal, E.F. (1989). “Housing, Care and Psychological Well-being of Captive and Laboratory Primates
. Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ.
National Research Council (1998). “The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates”. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
**
This topic is available online
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4909.html Accessed 4/20/2011.
Novak, M. and Petto, A. (1991). “Through the Looking Glass: Issues of Psychological Well-being in Captive Nonhuman Primates”. American
Psychological Association, Washington, D.C.
Shepherdson, D. J., Mellen, J. D., and Hutchins, M. (Eds) (1998). “Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals”.
Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
Wolfensohn, S. and Honess, P. (2005) “Handbook of Primate Husbandry and Welfare”. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.
Young, R. J. (2003). “ Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals”. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, U.K.
Web Resources:
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW) have published a six-booklet series on providing
appropriate enrichment for baboons, capuchins, chimpanzees, macaques, marmosets and tamarins, and squirrel monkeys: http://grants.nih.
gov/grants/olaw/Enrichment_for_Nonhuman_Primates.pdf
The Animal Welfare Information Center (through NIH and OLAW) maintains the Environmental Enrichment for Nonhuman Primates
Resource Guide, which contain information about US regulations as well as a bibliography: http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/
Primates2009/primates.shtml
The Animal Welfare Institute maintains an annotated bibliography of enrichment: http://labanimals.awionline.org/SearchResultsSite/
enrich.aspx
European Primate Network: Advancing 3Rs and International Standards in Biological and Biomedical Research: EURPRIM-Net ( http://www.
euprim-net.eu/ ). This website has a number of useful links to enrichment and positive reinforcement training.
The Primate Info Net is maintained by the Library of the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center and is an invaluable resource on all
aspects of primates and primatology, including enrichment: http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/
Workshops/Conferences:
Primate Training and Enrichment Workshop (PTEW; http://ptew.kccmr.org ). This course, which meets for approximately one week, is an
excellent introduction to positive reinforcement training. A condensed version of this course is often offered at the annual meeting of the
American Association of Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS: www.aalas.org )
The International Conference on Environmental Enrichment ( www.enrichment.org ) meets every two years in locations around the world and
has a focus on environmental enrichment.
The Animal Behavior Management Alliance ( www.theabma.org ) is devoted to behavioral management of captive animals.
The American Society of Primatologists ( www.asp.org ) and the International Primatological Society ( http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/ips/ ) meet
annually and biennially respectively.
The term psychological well-being (PWB) became part
of the general lexicon in the scientific community with the
passage of the 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act
(AWA, 1985) and 1991 USDA Animal Welfare Act regu-
lations ( USDA, 1991 ) mandating institutional environ-
mental enhancement plans for nonhuman primates. A
National Research Council committee was formed soon
after to write a report on primate PWB, which was pub-
lished in 1998. The committee concluded that PWB implies
a positive mental state and freedom from pain and distress,
both psychological and physiological ( National Research
Council, 1998 ). There is no single measurement that can
accurately assess PWB. The National Research Council
(1998) suggested multiple criteria for the evaluation of
PWB, including the ability to cope with daily changes in
the environment, the ability to engage in beneficial species-
typical behavior, the absence of maladaptive behavior
resulting in self-injury, and a balanced temperament (i.e.
appropriate levels of aggression and passivity). In addition,
animals in good psychological health should show signs of
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