An Improved ANN–BPN to Radial Distribution System Load Flow - Proceedings of All India Seminar on Biomedical Engineering 2012 (AISOBE-2012) - page 185

reactive power can be calculated using these called ladder iterative technique [ 6 ].
Iteration of the ladder iterative technique exists of two steps: forward sweep and
backward sweep. IEEE-distribution grid calculation is done as follows:

A. Forward sweep:

is
12660 ? j0 (for first iteration only) and equals the value computed in the
backward sweep in the subsequent iteration.
• Start with the end node 33 and compute the node current I i ¼ð S i = V i Þ : Apply
the Kirchhoff's current law to determine the current flowing from node 32
toward node 33: I 32 ; 3 ð Þ ¼ I ð 33 Þ ¼ S ð 33 Þ = V ð 33 Þ

• Assume rated voltage V S at the end node voltage V ð 18 Þ ; V ð 22 Þ ; V ð 25 Þ ; V ð 33 Þ

:
• Compute with this current the voltage, V 3 ðÞ ¼ V ð 33 Þ þ Z ð 32 ; 33 Þ I ð 32 ; 33 Þ :
• Compute

: Apply the
Kirchhoff's current law to determine the current flowing from node 31 toward
node 32: I 31 ; 3 ð Þ ¼ I ð 32 ; 33 Þ þ I 3 ð :
• Using the current I (31,32) compute the voltage, V 3 ðÞ ¼ V ð 32 Þ þ Z ð 31 ; 32 Þ I ð 31 ; 32 Þ :
• Similarly compute till the junction node.
• Compute with this current the voltage V 2 ðÞ ¼ V ð 27 Þ þ Z ð 26 ; 27 Þ I ð 26 ; 27 Þ :
• Compute

with this voltage the current, I 3 ðÞ ¼ S ð 32 Þ = V ð 32 Þ

: Apply the
Kirchhoff's current law to determine the current flowing from node 6 toward
node 26: I 6 ; 2 ð Þ ¼ I ð 26 ; 27 Þ þ I ð 26 Þ :
• Compute with this current the voltage, V ðÞ ¼ V ð 26 Þ þ Z ð 6 ; 26 Þ I ð 6 ; 26 Þ : Node 6 is a
junction node.
• Select node 18 and compute the node current I 1 ðÞ ¼ S ð 18 Þ = V ð 18 Þ

with this voltage the current I 2 ðÞ ¼ S ð 26 Þ = V ð 26 Þ

: Apply the
Kirchhoff's current law to determine the current flowing from node 17 toward
node 18: I (17,18) = I (18) .
• Compute with this current the voltage V 1 ðÞ ¼ V ð 18 Þ þ Z ð 17 ; 18 Þ I ð 17 ; 18 Þ :
• Compute with this voltage the current, I 1 ðÞ ¼ S ð 17 Þ = V ð 17 Þ

:
• Apply the Kirchhoff's current law to determine the current flowing from node
16 toward node 17, I ð 16 ; 17 Þ¼ I ð 17 ; 18 Þ þ I ð 17 Þ :
• Using the current I (16,17) compute the voltage, V 1 ðÞ ¼ V ð 17 Þ þ Z ð 16 ; 17 Þ I ð 16 ; 17 Þ :
• Similarly compute till the junction node.
• Compute with this current the voltage, V ðÞ ¼ V ð 8 Þ þ Z ð 7 ; 8 Þ I ð 7 ; 8 Þ :
• Compute

: Apply the
Kirchhoff's current law to determine the current flowing from node 6 toward
node 7: I 6 ;ðÞ ¼ I ð 7 ; 8 Þ þ I ð 7 Þ :
• Compute with this current the voltage, V ð 6 Þ ¼ V ð 26 Þ þ Z ð 6 ; 26 Þ I ð 6 ; 26 Þ : This will
be referred to as ''the most recent voltage at node 6''.

with this voltage the current, I ðÞ ¼ S ð 7 Þ = V ð 7 Þ