Planar Cell Polarity in Coordinated and Directed Movements - Current Topics in Developmental Biology - page 75

CHAPTER FOUR

Planar Cell Polarity in Coordinated
and Directed Movements

Masazumi Tada * ,1 , Masatake Kai †
*Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
† Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku,
Osaka, Japan
1

Corresponding author: e-mail address: [e-mail]

Contents
1. Introduction 78

2. Coordinated and Directed Movements During Vertebrate Gastrulation 79

2.1 Different types of cell movements — Collective cell migration and cell
intercalation 79

2.2 Convergent extension in Xenopus 79

2.3 Convergent extension in zebrafish 82

2.4 Collective migration of head mesendoderm/prechordal plate progenitors 82

3. Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Vertebrates 84

3.1 Identification of the vertebrate PCP pathway during gastrulation 84

3.2 Neural tube defects in mice 85

3.3 Divergence of the pathways: Wnt/PCP, Wnt/Ca 2+ , and Fat/Ds 91

3.4 Localization of core PCP proteins and CE behavior 93

4. PCP Regulating CE and Collective Cell Migration in Other Contexts 94

4.1 Collective migration of individual mesenchymal cells — Neural crest cells 94

4.2 Collective migration of a small cluster of mesenchymal cells — Neuronal
migration 94

4.3 Collective migration of a group of epithelial cells — Mice AVE 96

4.4 PCP mediating CE in tube elongation — Cochlea 96

4.5 PCP mediating cartilage elongation 97

4.6 PCP mediating CE in primitive streak formation in chick 97

5. PCP in Mediating Collectiveness and Polarized Behaviors 98

5.1 CE and contact inhibition of locomotion 98

5.2 CE and cell - cell adhesion 99

5.3 Cell - substrate adhesion and integration into apicobasal polarity 99

5.4 Tissue elongation and oriented cell division 100

6. Concluding Remarks 101

Acknowledgments 101

References 102