Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER EIGHT
The Kidney and Planar Cell Polarity
Thomas J. Carroll
*
,1
, Jing Yu
†
,1
*Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, Texas, USA
†
Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
1
Corresponding authors: e-mail address: Thomas.Carroll@UTSouthwestern.edu; jy4m@virginia.edu
Contents
1.
Introduction
186
2. Planar Cell Polarity
186
2.1 The Fat/Dachsous pathway
186
2.2 The core pathway
187
2.3 The Wnt pathway
188
2.4 The primary cilium
189
2.5 Junctional remodeling
190
3. Kidney Development
191
4. PCP in Kidney Development
195
4.1 The Fat/Ds group
195
4.2 The core pathway
196
4.3 The Wnt pathway
199
4.4 The primary cilium
203
5. PCP and Tubular Repair
204
6. Conclusion
205
References
206
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) or tissue polarity describes a coordinated polarity at the plane
of the tissue where most or all cells within a tissue are polarized in one direction. It is
perpendicular to the apical
-
basal polarity of the cell. PCP is manifested readily in the
Drosophila wing and cuticle bristles, Drosophila eye ommatidia, and mammalian hair
and inner ear hair bundles, and less evidently, in cellular processes such as in the coor-
dinated, directional cell movements, and oriented cell divisions that are important for
tissue morphogenesis. Several distinct molecular and cellular processes have been im-
plicated in the regulation of PCP. Here, we review potential roles for PCP during mouse
kidney development and maintenance, including ureteric bud branching morphogen-
esis, renal medulla elongation, tubule diameter establishment/maintenance,
glomerulogenesis, and response to injury. The potential mechanisms underlying these
processes, including oriented cell division and coordinated cell migration/cell interca-
lation, are discussed. In addition, we discuss some unaddressed research topics related
to PCP in the kidney that we hope will spur further discussion and investigation.
