Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
transposons
Chromosome C
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
Figure 3.9
An.example.of.a.chromosome.containing.transposons.
3.3.1 Transposons in Chromosomes
Some. consecutive. genes. in. a. chromosome. can. be. selected. as. a. transposon..
Figure  3.9 . d epicts. an. example. of. two. transposons,. each. of. length. two. bits,.
randomly. selected. in. a. chromosome. C .. Both. the. number. and. the. length.
of. transposons. in. each. chromosome. can. be. greater. than. one. but. are. user.
predefined.
The.genes. a to. j .in . Figure 3.9 .c an.be.in.any.data.form,.such.as.binary,.inte-
ger,. or. loating-point. numbers,. depending. on. the. the. chromosome. encod-
ing. scheme. in. use.. In. some. cases,. for. heterogeneous. genes,. say,. integral.
and.floating-point.genes.may.be.possible.and.coexist.in.a.chromosome..For.
example,.genes. d .and. e form.an.integral.transposon,.while.genes. i and. j give.
a.floating-point.transposon.
To. avoid. gene-type. violation,. transposition. of. genes. should. only. be. per-
formed.within.the.same.data.type..For.example,.if.the.required.gene.type.at.
the.locations.of.genes. d ,. e ,.and. g is.integral.but.the.one.at.the.location.of.gene
f is.loating.point,.the.integral.transposon.(i.e.,.genes. d and. e ).is.not.allowed.
to.jump.to.the.positions.of.genes. f and. g ..Otherwise,.an.invalid.chromosome.
will.be.formed.
3.3.2 Cut-and-Paste and Copy-and-Paste Operations
As. mentioned. in. Section. 3.1,. transposons. can. horizontally. jump. from. one.
position. to. another. position. by. cut-and-paste. or. copy-and-paste. operation..
The.operations.are.given.in. Figures 3.10 .a nd . 3.11 , .respectively.
For.the.cut-and-paste.operation,.a.transposon.is.cut.from.the.original.posi-
tion.and.pasted.into.a.new.position.of.a.chromosome..For.the.copy-and-paste.
operation,.a.transposon.is.replicated,.and.its.copy.is.pasted.into.a.new.location.
of.a.chromosome,.while.the.original.one.remains.unchanged..In.either.case,.
the. operations. can. be. performed. on. the. same. chromosome. or. two. different.
chromosomes,.as.shown.in . Figures 3.10 . and . 3.11 .
The. flowcharts. of. the. cut-and-paste. and. copy-and-paste. operations. are.
shown.in. Figures 3.12 .a nd. 3.13 ,.respectively..The.operation.made.within.the.
same.chromosome.or.to.a.different.chromosome.is.randomly.selected,.and.
there.is.no.restriction.regarding.chromosome.choice.
 
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