Biomedical Engineering Reference
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c)
a)
b)
Figure 3.41
Flow velocity transition on some local domains (shown in Fig.
3.40 by “I” sign) obtained by the ultrasonic Doppler method:
(a) Inside the aneurysm. (b) At the inlet of aneurysm. (c) At
outlet of aneurysm.
3.11.5.3 Clinical evaluation summary
As the result of evaluations it was conirmed that proposed vascular
model is at least useful in the simulation of endovascular intervention
treatments intended for the following purposes.
1. Evaluation of blood streaming
2. Evaluation of aneurismal embolization treatment
3. Evaluation of aneurismal clipping treatment
4. Patient individual's diagnosis and surgical planning
5. Surgical evaluation under IVR environment
6. Surgical evaluation under ultrasound imagining environment
The proposed vascular model is useful for the individual patient's
examination such as diagnosis, informed consent, surgical planning
and preliminary simulation, and its usefulness was conirmed as the
environment for medical research and studies such as hemodynamic
study and pathological study. Major cerebrovascular diseases
treated in endovascular intervention are stenosis and thrombosis in
addition to aneurysm. Here, the simulation of stenosis treatment by
the current vascular model is not complete, because it is necessary
to reproduce the cholesterol and calcareous material that compose
the stenosis in addition to the vessel reproduction. On the other
hand, the simulation of arterial revascularization has not been
evaluated because of the dificulty in forming (installing) blood
clot (thrombosis) inside the proposed vascular model. However,
the blood stream similar to that in humans is reproducible in the
vascular model, and then it is predictable that the simulation of the
thrombus treatment such as the administration of thrombolytic
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