Noncryptographic Security Issues - Codes: The Guide to Secrecy from Ancient to Modern Times - page 389

specifically without the possibility of transferring a virus or other damaging
vehicle to your computer. Java employs miniprograms, called Applets , whose
functionality includes adding animated images to WWW pages, and generally
allows the user to interact with those pages. Java is platform-independent by
using virtual machines permitting applets to run on any given OS.
Kernighan : In 1970, Brian Wilson Kernighan coined the name Unix as a
pun on Multics , which used enormous system resources and had grown out of
control during its development at MIT. The patience of AT&T Bell Labs was
waning in terms of the amount of time the development of Multics was taking
and basically got tired of waiting for it to be useful, so by 1969, they stopped
supporting the system. In that year Unix, the hacker OS of choice, was born.

Kernighan is best known
for his topic (co-authored
with Dennis Ritchie) on the
C programming language
(see [135]), and for being
a co-inventor of the Awk
programming language (af-
ter the initials of its in-
ventors: Aho, Weinberger,
and Kernighan). Awk has
a C-like syntax with pat-
tern matching, associative
arrays, no declarations, and
implicit type casting. The
text [135] along with his
topic [134] on Unix are con-
sidered to be classics. He
is also known for one of
the four major C “indent”
styles, called K&R style , af-
ter Kernighan and Ritchie,
also called kernel style be-
cause the Unix kernel is
written in it. The C indent styles all have the goal of making it easier for
the reader to visually track the scope of control constructs.
Reid : Brian K. Reid was a hacker who was attracted to computing as a way
to avoid the Vietnam-era draft. He is known to have said that due to knowledge
he gained breaking into systems when he was young, he was asked to assist in
apprehending culprits who broke into other systems. His later education came
when he attended Carnegie Mellon as a graduate student. He is perhaps best
known for developing SCRIBE , a document specification language for the first
laser printer and predecessor of several desktop-publishing programs used today.
See [97] for more on the life of Reid.
Ritchie : Dennis M. Ritchie, was born on September 9, 1941, in Mount

Figure 10.4: Brian Kernighan.