Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
10.
A system is given by two compartments separated by a thin membrane, and solute moves
from one compartment to the other by diffusion. The volume of compartment 1 is 0
03 cm
3
:
01 cm
3
. Suppose 50 M of solute is dumped into compartment 2, and
and compartment 2 is 0
:
u
ð
t
Þ
cm
3
. (a) Find the
the concentration response for compartment 1 is
c
1
ð
t
Þ¼
1250 1
e
0:01
t
transfer rate. (b) Solve for the concentration in compartment 2.
11.
Find the initial osmotic pressure at room temperature for a cell if the only ions present are
KCl
Cl
from Table 7.2 and
that the ions cannot cross the membrane. The cell volume is 2 nL. Determine the final cell
volume.
12.
Find the initial osmotic pressure at room temperature for a cell if the only ions present are
CaCl
2
on either side of the membrane. Assume the concentrations for
K
þ
and
on either side of the membrane. Assume the concentrations for
Cl
from
Table 7.2 and that the ions cannot cross the membrane. The cell volume is 2 nL. Determine the
final cell volume.
13.
Find the initial osmotic pressure at room temperature for a cell if all the ions present are listed
in Table 7.2. Assume that the ions cannot cross the membrane. The cell volume is 2 nL.
Determine the final cell volume.
14.
Find the initial osmotic pressure at room temperature for a cell if the only ions present are
Ca
þ2
and
KCl
K
þ
,
Na
þ
, and
Cl
and
NaCl
on either side of the membrane. Assume the concentrations for
K
þ
can cross the membrane. The cell volume is 2 nL. Describe
what happens to the ions. Determine the final cell volume.
15.
Find the initial osmotic pressure at room temperature for a cell if the only ions present are
from Table 7.2, and that only
KCl
10
9
M of a protein inside the cell.
and
NaCl
on either side of the membrane, and 0
:
2
K
þ
can cross
the membrane. The cell volume is 2 nL. Describe what happens to the ions. Determine the
final cell volume.
16.
Find the osmolarity and osmotic pressure of 2 mM
K
þ
,
Na
þ
, and
Cl
from Table 7.2, and that only
Assume the concentrations for
Na
2
SO
4
at room temperature.
17.
Find the osmolarity and osmotic pressure of a 9% solution of
at room temperature.
18.
Find the osmotic pressure at room temperature for a cell if the ions in Table 7.2 are present.
19.
Consider a cell with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm and volume of 2 nL in a 30 nL
solution of 300 mOsm. A 3 nL, 5%
NaCl
NaCl
by weight solution is added to the extracellular space.
is impermeable and that the moles inside the cell do not change, describe
the events that take place until steady state is achieved. What is the final osmolarity of the
cell? What is the volume of the cell at steady state?
20.
Consider a cell with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm and volume of 2 nL in a 30 nL
solution of 300 mOsm. Three mM of
Assuming that
NaCl
CaCl
2
is added to the extracellular space. Assuming that
CaCl
2
is impermeable and that the moles inside the cell do not change, describe the events
that take place until steady state is achieved. What is the final osmolarity of the cell? What is
the volume of the cell at steady state?
21.
Consider a cell with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm and volume of 2 nL in a 30 nL
solution of 300 mOsm. Five mM of urea is added to the extracellular space. Assuming that
urea is permeable and that the moles originally inside the cell are impermeable, describe the
events that take place until steady state is achieved.
Continued
