Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 6.6
Adhesion Molecules with the Potential to Regulate Cell-ECM Interactions
Adhesion Molecule
Ligand
Integrins
a
1
b
1
Collagen (I, IV, VI), laminin
a
2
b
1
Collagen (I-IV, VI), laminin
a
3
b
1
Collagen (I), laminin, fibronectin, entactin, epiligrin
a
4
b
1
Fibronectin
ALT
, VCAM-1, thrombospondin
a
5
b
1
Fibronectin, thrombospondin
a
6
b
1
Laminin
a
V
b
1
Fibronectin
a
L
b
2
ICAM-1, ICAM-2, ICAM-3
a
M
b
2
ICAM-1, iC3b, fibrinogen, factor X, denatured protein
a
x
b
2
Fibrinogen, iC3b, denatured protein
a
b
Vitronectin, fibrinogen, fibronectin, thrombospondin
V
3
a
V
b
5
Vitronectin
a
V
b
6
Fibronectin
a
0
b
4
Laminin
a
4
b
7
Fibronectin
ALT
, VCAM-1, MAdCAM-1
a
1th
b
3
Fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, vWF
LRI
h
Fibrinogen, fibronectin, vitronectin, vWF, collagen (IV), entactin
6.3 PHYSICAL CONSIDERATIONS
6.3.1 Organization of Tissues into Functional Subunits
The body has 11 major organ systems (Table 6.7), with the muscular and skeletal systems
often considered together as the musculoskeletal system. These organ systems carry out
major physiological functions, such as respiration, digestion, circulation, and mechanical
motion. Each one of these organ systems in turn is comprised of a set of tissues and organs.
The major organs that participate in digestion are shown in Figure 6.21. Each organ system
and organ has homeostatic functions that can be defined based on their physiological
requirements. These can be thought of as providing the specifications that define an organ's
function and provide the parameters needed to design the tissue. An example of such a
“spec sheet” is given in Table 6.8.
There are several important conclusions that can be arrived at using a simple order of
magnitude analysis of the information found in such spec sheets. Insightful and judicious
order of magnitude analysis is an important mode of analysis of tissue function, and it
