Anatomy and Physiology - Introduction to Biomedical Engineering - page 131

18. Copy the title page and abstract of five peer-reviewed journal articles that discuss engineering
applications for five different organ systems in the body (one article per organ system).
Review articles, conference proceeding papers, copies of keynote addresses and other
speeches, topic chapters, articles from the popular press and newspapers, and editorials
are not acceptable. Good places to look are the

Annals of Biomedical Engineering , the IEEE

Transactions on Biomedical Engineering , the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine ,

and Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing . What information in the article indicates

that it was peer-reviewed?
19. Trace the path of a single red blood cell from a capillary bed in your right hand to the
capillary beds of your right lung and back. What gases are exchanged? Where are they
exchanged during this process?
20. Draw and label a block diagram of pulmonary and systemic blood flow that includes the
chambers of the heart, valves, major veins and arteries that enter and leave the heart, the
lungs, and the capillary bed of the body. Use arrows to indicate the direction of flow through
each component.
21. Find an example of an ECG representing normal sinus rhythm on the Internet and use it to
demonstrate how heart rate is determined.
22. Why are R waves (Figure 3.22) used to determine heart rate rather than T waves?
23. How could the stroke volume be determined if a thermal dilution technique is used to
determine cardiac output?
24. What would be the pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure for a hypertensive person with
a systolic pressure of 145 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 98 mmHg?
25. The total lung capacity of a patient is 5.5 liters. Find the patient's inspiratory reserve volume
if the patient's vital capacity was 4.2 liters, the tidal volume was 500 ml, and the expiratory
reserve volume was 1.2 liters.
26. What would you need to know or measure in order to determine the residual volume of the
patient described in Example Problem 3.10?
27. Briefly describe the functions and major components of the central, peripheral, somatic,
automatic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic nervous systems. Which ones are subsets of
others?
28. Explain how sarcomeres shorten and how that results in muscle contraction.
29. How do the muscular and skeletal systems interact to produce movement?
30. Draw a block diagram to show the negative feedback mechanisms that help regulate glucose
levels in the blood. Label the inputs, sensors, integrators, effectors, and outputs.

Suggested Readings
B.H. Brown, R.H. Smallwood, D.C. Barber, P.V. Lawford, D.R. Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering,
Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia, 1999.
G.M. Cooper, The Cell—A Molecular Approach, second ed., ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2000.
S. Deutsch, A. Deutsch, Understanding the Nervous System: An Engineering Perspective, IEEE Press, New York,
1993.
S.I. Fox, Human Physiology, eighth ed., McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2004.
W.J. Germann, C.L. Stanfield, Principles of Human Physiology, second ed., Pearson Benjamin Cummings,
San Francisco, 2005.