Biosensors based on immobilization of biomolecules in sol-gel matrices - Electrochemical Sensors, Biosensors and Their Biomedical Applications - page 503

CHAPTER 16
Biosensors based on immobilization of
biomolecules in sol-gel matrices
Vivek Babu Kandimalla, Vijay Shyam Tripathi, and Huangxian Ju
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Sol-gel
16.2.1 Sol-gel chemistry and matrix characteristics
16.2.2 Progress in sol-gel process
16.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages
16.2.4 Porosity and dynamics of proteins in sol-gel
16.2.5 Interactions and stability of biomolecules in sol-gel
16.2.6 Improvement of biocompatibility and conductivity of sol-gels
16.3 Applications of sol-gel entrapped bioactive molecules
16.3.1 Enzyme-based biosensors
16.3.1.1 Biosensor applications of enzymes
16.3.1.2 Carbon-ceramic composite electrodes (CCEs)
16.3.1.3 Electrode surface coatings
16.3.1.4 Optical biosensors
16.3.1.5 Electrochemical biosensors
16.3.2 Photoactive proteins-based biosensors
16.3.3 Immunosensors
16.3.4 Immunoaffi nity columns
16.4 Whole-cell encapsulation in sol-gels and their applications
16.4.1 Microbial cells
16.4.2 Plant and animal cells
16.5 Conclusions
16.6 Acknowledgments
16.7 References