Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
CHAPTER 7
Detection of charged macromolecules
by means of fi eld-effect devices (FEDs):
possibilities and limitations
Michael J. Schöning and Arshak Poghossian
7.1 Introductory part and status report
7.2 Capacitance-voltage characteristics of a bare and functionalized EIS structure
7.3 Direct electrostatic DNA detection by its intrinsic molecular charge
7.4 New method for label-free electrical DNA detection
7.5 Measurement results utilizing polyelectrolyte layers and synthetic DNA
7.6 Conclusions and future perspectives
7.7 Acknowledgments
7.8 References
7.1 INTRODUCTORY PART AND STATUS REPORT
The fi eld of (bio-)chemical sensor research represents one of the most interesting and
exciting multi-disciplinary topics with a broad range of applications, like environmen-
tal monitoring, biomedicine, biotechnology, food and drug industry, process technol-
ogy, security, antibioterrorism, etc. Nowadays, semiconductor fi eld-effect devices
(FEDs) such as ISFET (ion-sensitive fi eld-effect transistor), capacitive EIS (electrolyte-
insulator-semiconductor) structures, and LAPS (light-addressable potentiometric sen-
sor) represent one of the key structural elements of a new generation of electronic
chips for chemical and/or biological sensing with a direct electronic readout. This type
of sensor has been developed using different sensor confi gurations, sensitive mate-
rials, and fabrication technologies; the transducer principle of using an electric fi eld to
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