Nanoelectrochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications in Biology and Medicine - Applications of Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine - page 1

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Nanoelectrochemistry:
Fundamentals and Applications in Biology
and Medicine
Pradyumna S. Singh, 1 Edgar D. Goluch, 1 Hendrik A.
Heering, 2 and Serge G. Lemay 1,3
1 Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1,
2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
2 Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden,
The Netherlands
3 MESA + Institute and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente,
P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
I. INTRODUCTION
The compound word nanoelectrochemistry comprises the prefix
nano and the noun electrochemistry . Both these components by
themselves encompass a vast variety of meanings and envelop
enormously diverse areas of scientific inquiry. For example, it can
be argued that all of molecular electrochemistry occurs on a scale
much smaller than nano—i.e., the molecular scale. The most basic
aspects of a simple heterogeneous electron transfer reaction, from
the description of the electrical double layer in the vicinity of the
electrode to the theories for electron transfer and finally the reac-
tants and products of such a reaction are all microscopic entities.