Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Imaging of DNA Arrays for High Throughput Analysis Applications - Applications of Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine - page 139

Figure 13. Continuation.
incubated in a 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoyl phosphate/nitro blue
tetrazolium mixture to precipitate the insoluble reaction product.
Simple negative feedback mode SECM gave surface images as
shown Fig. 14 . As a possible application to real samples, they
demonstrated the SECM detection of a long PCR amplicon (255
bp) at a very low concentration (60 nM).
IV. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
The Human Genome Project has altered the mindset and approach
in biomedical research and medicine. The sequencing of genomes
has become a central research tool. With faster, yet cheaper DNA
sequencing technologies anticipated, the burgeoning field of per-
sonal genome analysis will soon be routine practice. 52 Currently,
dye-terminating methods with capillary electrophoresis separation
is the primary DNA sequencing tool used; however, significant
efforts are being explored to develop sequencing technologies with
improvements in miniaturization, parallelism and simplification,
e.g., the parallel bead array (pyrosequencing), 53 nanopore devices
and biochips. DNA-array-based methods include shotgun se-
quencing by hybridization. 13 An individual addressable microelec-