Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Dynamic mechanical
loading on bone
Interstitial fluid flow
shear stress in
lacuno-canalicular network
Stimulation of
mechanotransducer-
osteocytes network
Osteocytes respond to
the stimulus by
releasing NO and PGE
2
NO
PGE
2
NO inhibits RANKL,
increases OPG
PGE
2
increases OBP
via EP
4
receptors
RANK-RANKL-OPG
pathway
Decreased osteoclast
activity
Increased osteoblast
activity
Increased bone
formation, decreased
bone resorption, positive
bone volume
FIGURE 7.2
Schematic diagram of the mathematical model structure of cellular level bone remodeling
caused by mechanical loading.
binding to the enzyme or receptor. It was originally formulated by Hill in
1910 [50] to describe the sigmoidal
O
2
binding curve of hemoglobin:
n
n
L
KL
L
KL
θ=
=
( 7.1)
n
n
n
+
+
d
A
where
θ is the fraction of occupied sites where the ligand can bind to the active
site of the receptor protein
