Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
26
Biomedical Micro Probe for Super
Resolved I mage Extraction
Asaf Shahmoon, Shiran Aharon, Dror Fixler, Hamutal Slovin, and Zeev Zalevsky
CONTENTS
26.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 581
26.2. Experimental.Results......................................................................................................... 583
26.3. Super.Resolution.and.Signal.Processing......................................................................... 591
26.4. Conclusions.and.Perspectives.......................................................................................... 593
Acknowledgment........................................................................................................................ 593
References..................................................................................................................................... 594
26.1 Introduction
Endoscopes.are.the.common.medical.instrumentation.used.to.perform.medical.inspection.
as.well.as.treatment.of.internal.organs..There.are.two.main.types.of.endoscopes:.lexible.and.
rigid..The.lexible.endoscopes.are.being.constructed.out.of.a.bundle.of.single.mode.ibers.
where.each.iber.in.the.bundle.transmits.backward.spatial.information.corresponding.to.
a.single.spatial.point,.i.e.,.a.single.pixel.(Tsepelev.and.Fineev.1979,.Miller.1986,.Seibel.et.al..
2001,.Unfried.et.al..2001,.Midulla.et.al..2003)..The.iber.bundle.goes.into.the.body.while.
the. imaging. camera. is. located. outside.. Interface. optics. adapts. the. photonic. information.
coming.out.of.the.bundle.to.the.detection.camera..The.reason.for.using.a.single.mode.iber.
for.each.iber.in.the.bundle.rather.than.multi-mode.ibers.(capable.of.transmitting.spatial.
information. that. is. corresponding. to. plurality. of. pixels). is. related. to. the. fact. that. when.
inserting. the. endoscope. and. while. navigating. it. inside. the. body. it. may. be. bent.. When.
multi-mode.ibers.are.bent,.the.spatial.modes.are.coupled.to.each.other.and.the.image.is.
strongly.distorted..The.typical.diameter.of.a.single.mode.iber.in.the.bundle.is.about.30.μm.
(this.is.the.diameter.of.its.cladding,.the.core.has.diameter.of.about.8-9.μm)..The.typical.
number. of. ibers. in. the. bundle. is. about. 10,000-30,000.. Typical. overall. diameter. (of. the.
entire.bundle).is.about.3-5.mm.
Another. type. of. endoscope. is. called. a. rigid. endoscope.. In. this. case,. the. camera. goes.
inside.the.body.of.the.patient.rather.than.staying.outside.while.it.is.located.on.the.edge.of.a.
rigid.stick.(Gardner.1983,.Barbato.et.al..1997)..Although.image.quality.of.rigid.endoscopes.
is.usually.better.and.they.allow.not.only.backward.transmission.of.images.but.also.other.
medical.treatment.procedures,.their.main.disadvantage.is.related.to.the.fact.that.they.are.
indeed.rigid.and.thus.less.lexible.and.less.adapted.for.in-body.navigation.procedures.
There.are.many.medical.related.applications.and.mechanical.modiications.applied.over.
the.basic.coniguration.of.conventional.endoscopes.(Giniūnas.et.al..1993,.Tumlinson.et.al..2004,.
581
 
 
 
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