Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
100
*
*
80
*
*
60
40
20
*
*
0
0
25
Concentration (μg/mL)
50
100
(a)
ND-raw
CB
MWNT
SWNT
CdO
100
*
*
*
80
*
*
60
*
*
*
*
40
*
*
*
20
*
0
0
25
50
100
(b)
Concentration (μg/mL)
ND-raw
CB
MWNT
SWNT
CdO
Figure 25.4
(See companion CD for color insert.)
. Cytotoxicity. measurements. after. 24.h. incubation. of. various. nanocar-
bons.in.(a).neuroblastoma.cells.and.(b).macrophages..(Reprinted.from.
Diamond. Relat. Mater
.,.16,.Schrand,.A.M.,.
Dai,.L.,.Schrand,.J.J.,.Hussain,.S.M.,.and.Osawa,.E.,.Differential.biocompatibility.of.carbon.nanotubes.and.nano-
diamonds,.2118-2123,.2007..Copyright.2007,.with.permission.from.Elsevier.)
Recently,. a. study. on. the. long-term. effect. of. endocytic. NDs. on. cell. division. and.
differentiation.has.been.performed.(Liu.et.al..2009b)..Cell.survival.rate.measurements.for.
A549.human.lung.epithelial.cells,.treated.by.either.5.or.100.nm.NDs.and.then.evaluated.by.
MTT.assays,.do.not.show.any.signiicant.cytotoxicity.(Chao.et.al..2007)..Furthermore,.it.is.
reported.that.the.ND.particles.do.not.alter.the.cell.growth.ability.and.cell.cycle.progression.
in. a. long-term. cell. culture. for. up. to. 10. days.. The. authors. have. further. investigated. the.
distribution. of. NDs. during. cell. division. with. luorescence. microscopes.. It. is. observed.
that. the. number. of. ND. particles. is. separated. nearly. equally. into. two. daughter. cells.
during. cell. division.. The. NDs. are. retained. as. aggregates. in. cytoplasm. after. several. cell.
generations.(Liu.et.al..2009b)..In.a.separate.study,.Vaijayanthimala.et.al..have.investigated.
the.biocompatibility.and.the.cellular.uptake.mechanism.of.FNDs.in.cervical.cancer.cells.
(HeLa). and. pre-adipocytes. (3T3-L1). (Vaijayanthimala. et. al.. 2009b).. By. using. a. series. of.
metabolic.and.cytoskeletal.inhibitors,.they.have.concluded.that.FNDs.enter.into.the.cells.
by.energy-dependent.clathrin-mediated.endocytosis..Additional.biocompatibility.studies.
indicate.that.the.in.vitro.differentiation.of.the.3T3-L1.pre-adipocytes.is.not.affected.by.the.
