Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
23
Nanotechn
ology in Drug Delivery
Jungmin Cho, Sungwon Kim, and Kinam Park
CONTENTS
23.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 519
23.2. Nanotechnology-Based.Drug.Delivery.Systems............................................................ 520
23.2.1. Nanocrystals........................................................................................................... 520
23.2.2. Liposomes.and.Niosomes..................................................................................... 521
23.2.3. Solid.Lipid.Nanoparticles...................................................................................... 522
23.2.4. Lipid.Nanocapsules................................................................................................ 524
23.2.5. PLGA.Particles........................................................................................................ 526
23.3. Administration.of.Nanocarriers....................................................................................... 527
23.3.1. Injectable.Nanocarrier.Systems............................................................................ 527
23.3.2. Oral.Delivery.of.Nanoparticles............................................................................ 529
23.4. Conclusions.and.Perspectives.......................................................................................... 530
References..................................................................................................................................... 531
23.1
.
Introduction
Nanotechnology.has.recently.been.considered.an.emerging.mainstay.in.drug.delivery.sys-
tems..Introducing.nanotechnology.into.the.drug.carrier.architecture.makes.it.more.attrac-
tive.in.many.different.ields.based.on.its.advantageous.properties.as.compared.with.other.
conventional.systems..When.this.technology.is.developed.properly.in.the.pharmaceutical.
ield,. it. can. provide. patients. with. improved. compliance. and. eficacy. through. enhanced.
ability.of.sustained.release.as.well.as.targeted.delivery..The.investment.in.nanotechnology.
has.been.spearheaded.by.the.U.S..National.Nanotechnology.Initiative.(NNI).coordinating.
25.U.S..departments.and.other.private.agencies.until.2015.(Roco.2011)..They.have.suggested.
the.potential.research.and.development.targets.in.drug.delivery,.such.as.no.suffering.and.
death.from.cancer.when.treated.properly;.control.of.nanoparticles.in.air,.soil,.and.water;.
synthesis.and.delivery.of.new.active.pharmaceutical.ingredients;.and.life-cycle.manage-
ment.(Hughes.2005)..This.national.investment.signiies.that.nanotechnology.in.drug.deliv-
ery.and.development.is.a.valuable.asset.to.the.improvement.of.people's.health.care.now.
and.in.the.future.
Nanotechnology.refers.to.dealing.with.an.object.that.has.a.submicron.size,.that.is,.less.
than.1.μm..In.drug.delivery,.however,.nanotechnology.also.refers.to.drug.delivery.vehicles.
in.micron.size,.simply.because.many.drug.delivery.systems.are.produced.in.micron.size.
ranges.. Naturally,. in. this. chapter,. nanosized. drug. delivery. vehicles. include. microsized.
systems,. unless. speciically. indicated. otherwise.. A. nanosized. drug. carrier. is. designed.
519
