Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
22
Micro- an d Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering
Jane Wang, Robert Langer, and Jeffrey T. Borenstein
CONTENTS
22.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 501
22.1.1. Importance.of.Tissue.Engineering.as.a.Therapeutic.Strategy......................... 501
22.1.2. Stem.Cell.Therapy.................................................................................................. 503
22.2. Fabrication.Technologies.in.Synthetic.Scaffolds............................................................ 503
22.2.1. Functions.and.Requirements.of.Synthetic.Scaffolds......................................... 504
22.2.2. Micro-.and.Nanofabrication.Technology............................................................ 505
22.2.3. Electrospun.Nanoiber.Scaffolds.......................................................................... 506
22.3. Nanoscale.Features.for.Tissue.Regeneration.................................................................. 508
22.3.1. Cell.Response.to.Nanoscale.Features.................................................................. 509
22.3.2. Capillary.Network.Generation.and.Hepatocyte.Behavior............................... 510
22.3.3. Biomimetic.Scaffolds.with.Nanoscale.Surface.Modiication........................... 512
22.4. Conclusions.and.Perspectives.......................................................................................... 513
References..................................................................................................................................... 513
22.1 Introduction
22.1.1  importance of Tissue engineering as a Therapeutic Strategy
One. of. the. largest. expenses. in. health. care. is. devoted. toward. the. treatment. of. loss. of.
tissue. and. end-stage. organ. failure.. Billions. of. dollars. are. spent. on. medical. procedures.
and.hospital.resources.every.year,.while.advances.are.slow.to.emerge..Despite.advances.
in. organ. transplant. surgery,. thousands. of. patients. on. waiting. lists. still. die. each. year.
because.of.a.severe.and.worsening.shortage.of.cadaveric.donor.organs..In.response.to.this.
challenge,. tissue. engineering. has. emerged. as. a. promising. therapeutic. strategy. (Langer.
and. Vacanti. 1993).. The. ield. is. leveraging. efforts. by. interdisciplinary. researchers. in.
ields.related.to.medicine,.science,.and.engineering,.spurring.technology.developments.
applicable.to.diagnosis,.discovery,.monitoring,.and.implantable.medical.devices.(Ingber.
et.al..2006).
In. response. to. escalating. demands. for. organs. for. patients. suffering. from. trauma,.
congenital. malformations,. and. organ. failure,. artiicial. grafts. and. metallic. devices. have.
been.developed.and.are.in.wide.use..These.devices.have.improved.many.patients'.lives,.
but. some. critical. problems,. regarding. material. selection,. device. design,. and. in. vivo.
responses,.remain.unsolved..In.particular,.immunologic.reactions,.the.shortage.and.high.
cost.of.supplies,.and.manufacturing.challenges.have.all.spurred.researchers.and.funding.
agencies.to.seek.more.biocompatible.alternatives.(Lysaght.and.O'Loughlin.2000,.Lysaght.
501
 
 
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