Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLe 16.2
Instruments.Offering.Specialized.AFM.Techniques
AFM Company
Model
Feature
Remarks
Ininitesima.(Oxford,.
United.Kingdom)
Video-AFM
™
High-speed.AFM
Enables.real-time.image.acquisition.at.
video.frame.rates
Olympus.(Tokyo,.
Japan)
Nano.Live.Vision
™
High-speed.AFM
Modiied.version.of.the.microscope.
developed.by.Ando's.group
Asylum.Research
MFP-3D.and.Cypher
iDrive
A.small.oscillating.current.lows.
through.the.cantilever.legs.in.the.
presence.of.a.magnetic.ield.causing.it.
to.vibrate
Agilent
Several.models
MAC.mode
A.magnetically.coated.cantilever.is.
driven.by.an.oscillating.magnetic.ield
Bruker
Multimode.8
ScanAsyst
Self-optimizing.imaging.mode
—
—
HarmoniX
Enables.imaging.and.modulus.
measurements.of.sample.surface
—
Catalyst
PeakForce.QNM
Enables.imaging,.deformation.depth.
mapping,.and.modulus.
measurements.of.sample.surface
JPK
Nanowizard
QI.mode
An.entire.force.curve.at.each.pixel.can.
be.obtained
both.their.change.in.length.and.their.breaking.point..In.a.more.novel.approach,.a.hook-
probe. has. been. used. on. the. AFM. cantilever. to. extract. mechanical. properties. of. single.
stress. ibers. in. vitro. and. in. live. cells. (Machida. et. al.. 2010).. The. custom-fabricated. AFM.
probe. hook. could. capture,. pull,. and. eventually. sever. a. chosen. stress. iber. labeled. with.
green.or.red.luorescent.protein.
16.5 AFM as a Nanomanipulator
Nanobiotechnology.often.requires.the.generation.of.highly.organized.patterned.surfaces.con-
sisting.of.well-deined.molecular.entities.on.a.particularly.desired.substrate..In.this.regard,.
a.number.of.patterning.methods.(Barbulovic-Nad.et.al..2006).like.microcontact.(Quist.et.al..
2005),.solid-.and.split-pin,.and.inkjet.printing.(Nakamura.et.al..2005).have.been.in.vogue.over.
the.past.few.decades..Resolution.of.the.patterned.features.using.these.techniques,.however,.
is.on.the.micronscale..The.AFM.has.a.signiicant.advantage.by.offering.nanoscale.resolution.
and.the.ability.to.direct.and.manipulate.the.bottom-up.assembly.of.molecules.and.particles.
at.room.temperatures..Additionally,.the.AFM.can.achieve.top-down.patterning.of.substrates.
via.etching.of.selective.regions.on.a.substrate..A.variety.of.AFM-based.techniques.have.been.
developed.to.pattern.or.manipulate.particles.ranging.from.single.molecules.to.nanoparticles..
Here,.we.describe.these.techniques.and.highlight.their.applications.in.nanobiotechnology..
These.manipulation.techniques.are.also.summarized.in.Figure.16.4.
16.5.1 Manipulation of Nanoparticles
The.irst.nanoparticle.manipulation.experiment.was.conducted.with.a.scanning.tunnel-
ing.microscope.(Junno.et.al..1995)..Since.then,.the.AFM.has.proven.to.be.a.very.powerful.
