Applications of Nanotechnology to Bioprocessing - The Nanobiotechnology - page 359

with.a.value.of.0.59.±.0.18.on.the.unpatterned.surface.(i.e.,.the.cells.on.nanogrooves.were.
more.elongated.than.control.cells)..Abdullah.et.al..(2011).cultured.CHO.cells.on.isotropic,.
aligned,.and.patterned.substrates.based.on.multiwall.carbon.nanotubes..They.observed.
that.cells.adhered.to.and.grew.on.both.the.isotropic.and.the.aligned.substrates.although.
somewhat. better. on. aligned. substrates,. and. on. the. aligned. substrate,. the. cells. aligned.
strongly.with.the.axis.of.the.bundles.of.the.multiwall.nanotubes..Interestingly,.in.contrast.
with.the.previous.study,.they.did.not.ind.any.signiicant.differences.in.morphology.for.
the.cells.cultured.on.the.aligned.substrates.
15.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
As.the.range.of.nanoscale.and.nanostructured.materials.increases,.the.number.of.appli-
cations. and. potential. applications. increases. dramatically.. Both. organic. and. inorganic.
materials.have.found.applications.in.bioprocessing..Carbon.nanotubes.and.other.carbon.
materials. have. been. increasingly. investigated. as. scaffolds. for. enzyme. immobilization,.
while. magnetic. nanoparticles. have. played. a. role. in. bioseparations. and. in. nucleic. acid.
delivery.to.cultured.mammalian.cells..As.soft.lithography.becomes.more.widespread,.we.
are.likely.to.see.a.wide.range.of.devices.for.both.bioseparations.and.cell.culture.to.develop..
Anodized. alumina. appears. to. play. an. increasing. role. in. both. separations. and. cell. and.
microbial. culture,. and. graphene/graphene. oxide. has. barely. been. explored. in. the. realm.
of. bioprocessing.. One. can. envision. that. nanotechnology. may. help. circumvent. some. of.
the. challenges. faced. in. bioprocessing. today,. e.g.,. enzymatic. catalysis. in. harsh. environ-
ments,.bioseparations.of.chiral.molecules.from.their.enantiomers,.and.rapid.screening.of.
cell. clones. for. high. productivity,. allowing. bioprocessing. to. continue. to. meet. the. health.
care.and.energy.needs.of.the.twenty-irst.century.
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