Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
(A)
(B)
GO
GO
4
200 nm
(c)
(a)
NGO-PEG
NGO-PEG
2
E
k
0
0
2
4
-2
100 nm
(b)
(d)
-4
k
y
-2
-2
0
-4
Water
PBS
Cell
Medium
Serum
2
k
x
4
(D)
(C)
Trends in technology
Figure 15.1
(A). The. epitome. of. graphite. forms.. Graphene. is. a. 2D. building. material. for. carbon. materials. of. all. other.
dimensionalities.. It. can. be. wrapped. up. into. 0D. buckyballs,. rolled. into. 1D. nanotubes,. or. stacked. into. 3D.
graphite.. (B). Schematic. image. representing. the. loading. of. doxorubicin. (DOX). and. camptothecin. (CPT). onto.
FA-modiied.NGO..The.NGO.is.functionalized.with.sulfonic.acid.groups.to.form.NGO-SO
3
H,.which.render.it.
stable.in.physiological.solution..NGO-FA.was.prepared.through.formation.of.an.amide.bond.by.the.reaction.
between.the.NH
2
.groups.of.FA.and.COOH.groups.of.NGO-SO
3
H..Finally,.two.anticancer.drugs,.DOX.and.CPT.
were. conjugated. onto. the. FA-NGO. via. π-π. stacking. and. hydrophobic. interactions.. (C). Electronic. dispersion.
in.graphene..Left:.energy.spectrum.(in.units.of.t).for.inite.values.of.t.and.t′,.with.t.=.2.7.eV.and.t′.=.−0.2t..Right:.
magniied.image.of.energy.bands.close.to.one.of.the.Dirac.points..(D).PEG.modiication.of.NGO:.photos.of.(a).
GO. and. (b). NGO-PEG. in. different. solutions. recorded. after. centrifugation. at. 10,000. times. gravity. for. 5.min..
GO.crashed.out.slightly.in.PBS.and.completely.in.cell.medium.and.serum.(top.panel)..NGO-PEG.was.stable.
in.all.solutions;.Atomic.force.microscopy.(AFM).images.of.(c).GO.and.(d).NGO-PEG..(Reprinted.from.
Chem.
Commun
.,. 47,. Wang,. W.,. Wang,. D.I.C.,. and. Li,. Z.,. Facile. fabrication. of. recyclable. and. active. nanobiocatalyst:.
Puriication. and. immobilization. of. enzyme. in. one. pot. with. Ni-NTA. functionalized. magnetic. nanoparticle,.
8115-8117,.Copyright.2011,.with.permission.from.Elsevier.)
15.2.2.2 Graphene and Graphene Oxide
Graphene. is. another. allotrope. of. carbon. that. is. composed. of. a. one-atom-thick. planar.
sheet. of. carbon. atoms. that. are. bound. together. in. a. “honey-comb”. lattice,. giving. a. two-
dimensional. structure.. Graphene. can. also. be. described. as. an. unrolled. CNT,. as. seen. in.
Figure.15.1..Similar.to.CNTs,.graphene.also.has.applications.in.biosensing,.in.particular,.
ield-effect.transistors.(FET).and.luorescence.resonance.energy.transfer.(FRET).biosensing..
