Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
15
Applicatio ns of Nanotechnology to Bioprocessing
Susan T. Sharfstein and Sarah Nicoletti
CONTENTS
15.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 324
15.2. Materials.............................................................................................................................. 324
15.2.1. Inorganic.Materials................................................................................................ 324
15.2.1.1. Gold........................................................................................................... 324
15.2.1.2. Silicon/Silica............................................................................................. 325
15.2.1.3. Metal.Oxides............................................................................................ 326
15.2.2. Carbon...................................................................................................................... 328
15.2.2.1. Carbon.Nanotubes................................................................................... 328
15.2.2.2. Graphene.and.Graphene.Oxide............................................................. 329
15.2.3. Polymers.................................................................................................................. 330
15.2.3.1. Hydrogels.................................................................................................. 330
15.2.3.2. PDMS......................................................................................................... 334
15.2.3.3. Chitin/Chitosan....................................................................................... 335
15.2.4. Biological.Chemistries.and.Manipulations........................................................ 336
15.2.4.1. Substrate.Channeling.............................................................................. 336
15.2.4.2. Chemical.Tags.......................................................................................... 336
15.3. Applications.of.Nanotechnology.to.Bioprocessing....................................................... 337
15.3.1. Enzymatic.Reactions.............................................................................................. 337
15.3.1.1. Carbon-Based.Materials......................................................................... 338
15.3.1.2. Inorganic.Materials................................................................................. 340
15.3.1.3. Polymeric.Materials................................................................................. 345
15.3.1.4. Cofactor.Immobilization......................................................................... 348
15.3.2. Separations.............................................................................................................. 348
15.3.2.1. Nanoparticles.for.Bioseparations.......................................................... 349
15.3.2.2. Nanostructured.Materials.for.Bioseparations..................................... 351
15.3.2.3. Microluidic.Applications.to.Bioseparations....................................... 353
15.3.3. Cell.and.Microbial.Culture................................................................................... 354
15.3.3.1. Delivery.of.Nucleic.Acids,.Proteins,.
and.Small.Molecules.to.Cells.............................................................. 355
15.3.3.2. Cell.Selection.and.Screening.Techniques............................................ 356
15.3.3.3. Cell-Culture.Substrates........................................................................... 358
15.4. Conclusions.and.Perspectives.......................................................................................... 359
References..................................................................................................................................... 359
323
 
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