Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
were. fabricated. by. low. temperature.ALD. at. 100°C. and. a. growth. rate. of. 0.075.nm/cycle.
using.
Papiliobluemei
.wing.as.a.template.(Gaillot.et.al..2008).
In. order. to. further. replicate. the. color. mixing. effect. of. the. Indonesian. butterly.
Papilio
.
wings. (Vukusic. et. al.. 2000,. 2001,. Wilts. et. al.. 2012),. which. results. from. a. juxtaposition. of.
blue. and. yellow-green. light. relected. from. different. microscopic. regions. on. the. scales,.
intricate. Al
2
O
3
. wing. photonic. structures. have. been. fabricated. by. ALD. in. combination.
with.other.layer.deposition.techniques.(e.g.,.colloidal.self-assembly,.sputtering).(Kolle.et.al..
2010)..This.fabrication.process.includes.ive.steps:.(1).deposition.and.self-assembly.of.poly-
styrene.colloids.(5.μm.in.diameter).on.a.gold-coated.silicon.substrate;.(2).electrical.growth.
of.a.platinum.or.gold.layer.(2.5.μm.thick).in.the.interstitial.space.between.the.colloids;.(3).
ultrasonication.of.the.sample.in.acetone.to.remove.the.polystyrene.colloids;.(4).sputtering.
of.a.carbon.ilm.(20.nm.thick).on.the.gold.surface;.and.(5).ALD.growth.of.a.multilayer.stack.
of. 11. alternating. 60. nm. thick. TiO
2
. and. 80. nm. thick. Al
2
O
3
. ilms.. The. resulting. artiicial.
wing.structure.demonstrated.multilayer.concavities.(∼4.5.μm.in.diameter.and.2.3.μm.in.
height).and.enhanced.optical.properties.mimicking.the.color.mixing.effect.
The.integration.of.biotemplates,.ALD,.and.other.nanofabrication.and.synthesis.methods.
provide. a. potential. route. to. fabricate. the. nanostructures. with. multifunctional. features,.
which.may.be.especially.crucial.for.developing.innovative.functional.optical.devices.
9.3.5 ZnO Microtube and Single-Wing Scale by Soaking Process
ZnO.is.one.of.the.most.widely.used.nanomaterials.for.catalysts,.semiconductors,.sensors,.
and.photoelectrochemical.cells..It.is.a.challenge.to.fabricate.ZnO.microtubes.with.porous.
structures.in.the.wall..Using.an.entire.wing.from.a.white.butterly.as.the.template,.Zhang.
et.al..(2006).synthesized.functional.ZnO.microtubes.using.a.soaking.method..Briely,.the.
butterly. wings. were. soaked. in. precursor. Zn(NO
3
)
2
/ethanol. solution. for. 12.h,. washed.
extensively.with.deionized.water,.dried.in.air.at.room.temperature,.and.inally,.heated.in.
an.oven.up.to.500°C..During.calcination,.the.fractured.wing-scale.sheet.rolled.up.to.form.
microtube.structure.and.the.original.wing.template.was.burned.off..This.left.ZnO.micro-
tubes.with.periodic.nanopore.structures.
Chen.et.al..further.demonstrated.the.ability.to.synthesize.ZnO.single.butterly.wing.scale.
using. a. modiied. soaking. method. (Chen. et. al.. 2011).. First,. butterly. wings. were. soaked.
in. the. precursor. Zn(NO
3
)
2
. solution. for. 24.h.. After. being. washed. with. an. ultrasonication.
cleaner,.they.were.air-dried..Then,.an.individual.
Morpho
.wing.scale.was.removed.using.a.
statically.charged.metallic.needle.and.put.onto.a.silicon.substrate..The.sample.was.heated.
to.800°C.at.a.speed.of.2°C/min.in.a.vacuum.furnace,.followed.by.removing.the.carbonized.
scale.skeletons.at.500°C.for.3.h.in.a.mufle.furnace..By.following.this.methodology,.ZnO.
replicas.of.a.single.butterly.wing.scale.were.formed..This.method.of.synthesizing.a.single.
ZnO.wing.scale.demonstrated.the.importance.of.the.spatial.anisotropy.in.determining.the.
optical.properties.of.biomimetic.butterly.wings.
9.3.6 glass Wing by Conformal-evaporated-Film-by-rotation Technique
To. mimic. the. spatial. features. of. wing. scales. for. the. development. of. devices. of. tailored.
functionality,.the.conformal-evaporated-ilm-by-rotation.(CEFR).technique.has.been.devel-
oped.in.order.to.achieve.oblique.angle.deposition.(Martín-Palma.et.al..2008)..Chalcogenide.
glasses.were.used.for.their.good.optical.and.mechanical.properties..Morphological.charac-
terization.and.optical.measurements.indicated.the.replication.of.the.structure.and.optical.
