Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
8
for Extrac
ellular Matrix Construction
Esther J. Lee and Kam W. Leong
CONTENTS
8.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 181
8.1.1. Extracellular.Matrix............................................................................................... 181
8.1.2. Biomimetic.Materials............................................................................................. 182
8.1.3. Design.Considerations........................................................................................... 183
8.2. Nanofabrication.Strategies................................................................................................ 183
8.2.1. Unordered.Topography......................................................................................... 183
8.2.1.1. Electrospinning........................................................................................ 183
8.2.1.2. Thermally.Induced.Phase.Separation................................................... 185
8.2.1.3. Self-Assembly........................................................................................... 185
8.2.2. Ordered.Topography.............................................................................................. 186
8.2.2.1. Dip-Pen.Nanolithography...................................................................... 186
8.2.2.2. Colloidal.Lithography............................................................................. 188
8.2.2.3. Electron.Beam.Lithography................................................................... 189
8.2.2.4. Nanoimprint.Lithography...................................................................... 190
8.3. Inluence.of.Size.of.Topographical.Features................................................................... 191
8.3.1. Pillars........................................................................................................................ 191
8.3.2. Pits............................................................................................................................ 193
8.3.3. Grooves.................................................................................................................... 193
8.3.4. Nanotubes............................................................................................................... 195
8.4. Dynamic.Presentation.of.Topographical.Cues............................................................... 196
8.5. Summary............................................................................................................................. 197
Acknowledgment........................................................................................................................ 197
References..................................................................................................................................... 198
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1  extracellular Matrix
The.extracellular.matrix.(ECM).is.a.ubiquitous.structure.found.in.tissues.and.consists.of.
a. basement. membrane. and. an. interstitial. matrix. (Figure. 8.1).. The. basement. membrane.
remains.nestled.among.various.cell.types.(e.g.,.epithelial,.adipocyte,.Schwann,.muscle).and.
cell.layers.(e.g.,.mesothelium,.meningothelium,.synovial).(Bosman.and.Stamenkovic.2003)..
It.consists.of.an.intricate.ibrous.meshwork.comprised.chiely.of.collagens,.elastins,.and.
181