Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Si
Ni
TMV
50 nm
Figure 7.13
TEM. image. of. TMV/Ni/Si. nanowire.. (Adapted. with. permission. from. Chen,. X.,. Gerasopoulos,. K.,. Guo,. J.,.
Brown,.A.,.Wang,.C.,.Ghodssi,.R.,.Culver,.J.N.,.Virus-enabled.silicon.anode.for.lithium-ion.batteries,. ACS Nano ,.
4(9),.5366-5372..Copyright.2010.American.Chemical.Society.)
7.7 Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus
7.7.1  general Properties, Structure, and Assembly
The. red. clover. necrotic. mosaic. virus. (RCNMV). is. a. T.=.3. symmetry. plant. virus. that. is.
a. member. of. the. Tombusviridae . family.. These. viruses. are. typically. carried. by. a. vector.
(fungus,. insects,. etc.). and. are. mainly. transmitted. through. soil.. They. are. not. capable.
of. endosomal. entry,. instead. they. infect. hosts. cells. when. their. vector. cause. mechanical.
damage. to. the. root. system.. However,. other. physical. application. such. as. rubbing. virus.
onto.leaves.also.cause.infection..The.RCNMV.virion.has.23%.nucleic.acid.and.77%.protein.
content.and.is.∼36.nm.in.diameter.with.an.∼17.nm.interior.cavity.(Musil.and.Gallo.1982,.
Sherman. et. al.. 2006).. Its. RNA. genome. consists. of. one. 3.9. kb. polycistronic. RNA-1. and.
a. 1.45. kb. monocistronic. RNA-2. (both. are. single. stranded. and. positive. sense),. wrapped.
around. the. surface. interior.. RNA-1. codes. for. three. proteins:. the. capsid. protein,. p27—a.
polymerase-related.protein,.and.p88—an.RNA-dependent.RNA.polymerase..The.RNA-2.
codes. for. the. protein,. required. for. cell-to-cell. movement.. Interestingly,. there. are. two.
distinct.populations.of.the.virus.that.are.morphologically.similar;.one.population.contains.
four.copies.of.RNA-2.and.the.second,.biologically.active.population,.has.one.copy.each.of.
RNA-1.and.RNA-2.(Basnayake.et.al..2006).
The. capsid. protein. (37.kDa). exists. in. three. conformations. (A,. B,. C). and. the. assembled.
virion.contain.30.C-C.homodimers.and.60.A-B.heterodimers..The.A-B.units.are.arranged.
around. the. threefold. and. ivefold. symmetry. axes. and. the. C-C. dimers. at. the. twofold.
axis.. Capsid. assembly. and. RNA. packaging. is. believed. be. initiated. by. a. 34-nt. stem-loop.
structure.present.on.RNA-2,.often.referred.to.as.the.transactivator.(TA).element..Assembly.
and.copackaging.of.RNA-1.and.RNA-2.occur.through.an.interaction.of.stem.loop.with.a.
 
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