Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
vaccine carriers for a number of antigens. This review mainly focuses on amphi-
philic poly(amino acid) and PLGA nanoparticles as vaccine delivery systems and
summarizes the investigations of our research group and others on the properties of
these antigen-loaded naoparticles.
Poly(
g
-glutamic acid)
Keyword Adjuvant
Biodegradable nanoparticles
Protein delivery
Vaccine
Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 Preparation of Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles . . . . . ............................... 36
2.1 PLGA Nanoparticles ................................................................... 36
2.2 Amphiphilic Poly(amino acid) Nanoparticles . . . ..................................... 37
2.3 Amphiphilic Polysaccharide Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4 Polyion Complex Nanoparticles ....................................................... 41
3 Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antigen Delivery and Adjuvant . . . . . . . . . .................... 43
3.1 Preparation of Antigen-Loaded Nanoparticles ........................................ 43
3.2 Delivery of Antigens Using Nanoparticles . . ......................................... 45
3.3 Activation of Dendritic Cells by Nanoparticles ...................................... 47
3.4 Gene Delivery by Polyion Complex Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4 Control of Intracellular Distribution of Nanoparticles ...................................... 50
4.1 pH-Responsive Nanoparticles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.2 Amphiphilic Polymers for Cytosolic Delivery ........................................ 51
5 Regulation of Immune Responses by Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.1 Induction of Immune Responses Using Amphiphilic Poly(amino acid)
Nanoparticles ........................................................................... 53
5.2 Vaccination Using Antigen-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles . .......................... 54
5.3 Effect of Particle Size on Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6 Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives . . . ........................................... 55
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Abbreviations
APCs
Antigen-presenting cells
BSA
Bovine serum albumin
CFA
Complete Freund's adjuvant
CLSM
Confocal laser scanning microscopy
CT
Chitosan
CTL
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
DCC
N,N
-Dicyclohexyl carbodiimide
DCs
Dendritic cells
DDS
Drug delivery system
DLS
Dynamic light scattering
FCM
Flow cytometry
