Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.1
Advantages and disadvantages of conventional surgery, MIS and MIRS
Advantages
Disadvantages/Limitations
Conventional surgery
Strong hand/eye harmony
Limited dexterity outside
natural scale
Dexterous
Prone to tremor and fatigue
Flexible and adaptable
Limited geometric accuracy
Can integrate extensive and
diverse information
Limited ability to use
quantitative information
Rudimentary haptic abilities
Limited sterility
Able to use qualitative information
Susceptible to radiation and
infection
Good judgment
Easy to instruct and debrief
MIS
Well-developed technology
Loss of touch sensation
Affordable and ubiquitous
Loss of 3D visualization
Proven efficacy
Compromised dexterity
Limited degrees of motion
The fulcrum effect
Amplification of physiologic
tremors
MIRS
3D visualization
Absence of haptic feedback
Improved dexterity
Very expensive
Higher degrees of freedom
High start-up cost
Elimination of fulcrum effect
May require extra staff to
operate
Elimination of physiologic tremors
No judgment
Ability to scale motions
Unable to use qualitative
information
Micro-anastomoses possible
Expensive
Tele-surgery
Technology in flux
Ergonomic position
More studies needed
Good geometric accuracy
Stable and untiring
Can use diverse sensors in control
May be sterilized
Resistant to radiation and infection
increased degrees of freedom and enhanced dexterity, greatly enhances the surgeon's
ability to identify and dissect anatomic structures, as well as being able to undertake
micro-anastomoses. Other major advantages of robotic surgery are decreased blood loss,
less pain, quicker healing time, and less use of pain medication [28].
There are, however, several disadvantages to robotic surgical systems. Firstly, robotic
surgery is a new technology and its uses and efficacy have not yet been well established.
To date, mostly studies of feasibility have been conducted, with almost no long-term
follow-up studies. Many procedures also have to be redesigned to optimize the use of
 
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