Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Tang and Beebe, 1998
Makino
et al
., 2003
Figure 7.1
Examples of combinations of modes of interaction and actuator technologies for the
design of tactile displays [3]
7.1 The Coupled Nature of the Kinesthetic and Tactile Feedback
The nature of haptic systems, together with their complex integrated modality, has been
investigated by many researchers. Khatchatourov
et al
. [4] believe that the tactile, kines-
thetic, and thermal aspects of the human haptic system are closely connected and that,
furthermore, a tactile/force-feedback relationship is linked by a reciprocal theory which
basically states that any behavior influences, and is influenced by, personal factors and the
social environment, whereby spatial aspects of haptic modality is, itself, a composite of
both the tactile and proprioceptive modalities. They showed the necessity of integrating
force and tactile feedbacks in order to address the many limitations of devices which
only have either tactile or force feedback capabilities. They targeted conceptual, techno-
logical, and experimental approaches in order to address the complexity of integrating
force and tactile feedback systems by modeling highly rigid or very soft interactions,
