Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Mechanical properties of conventionally processed and
nanostructured cp Grade 4 titanium is presented in Table 13.1.
The strength of the nanostructured titanium is nearly twice that of
conventional cp titanium. Additionally, it has been shown, that the
fatigue strength of nanostructured cp titanium at 10
6
cycles is almost
two times higher than for conventional cp titanium and exceeds that
of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Table 13.1
Mechanical properties of conventionally processed and
nanostructured cp Grade 4 titanium [53]
Processing/
treatment
conditions
Reduction
area
[%]
Fatigue
strength at
10
6
cycles
UTS
[MPa]
YS
[MPa]
Elongation
[%]
Conventional Ti
(as received)
700 530 25
52
340
nTi
ECAP + TMT
1240 1200 12
42
620
Ti-6Al-4V ELI
annealed
940 840 16
45
530
Cytocompatibility tests utilizing ibroblast mice cells L929
were carried out. After nanostructuring, ibroblast colonization of
the cp Grade 4 titanium surface dramatically increases (Fig. 13.2).
For example, the surface cell occupation for conventional cp Ti
was 53.0% after 72 hrs in contrast to 87.2% for nanostructured
cp Grade 4 (Table 13.2). Compared to conventional titanium, high
osteointegration rate should be expected with nanostructured cp
Grade 4 titanium. Nanostructured (Nanoimplants
®
) implants have
been successfully designed and fabricated (Fig. 13.3).
Figure 13.2
Occupation of the mice ibroblast cells L929 after 24 hours;
Nanostructured (left) and conventional (right) cp Grade 4
titanium [53].
