Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
12.3.5
Biocompatibility of Ti-Bioceramic Nanocomposites
The application of Ti-bioceramic nanocomposites also focused our
attention on the biocompatibility of synthesized bulk materials.
In our work, hybrid Ti-x vol% 45S5 Bioglass, Ti-x vol% SiO
2
, and
Ti-x vol% HA bionanocomposites (0 ≤ x ≤ 20) were produced by
the combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and powder metall-
urgical process [52−56, 93−97].
For example, the SEM images of the Normal Human Osteoblast
(NHOst) cells cultured on Ti-10 vol% 45S5 Bioglass disks sterilized
by autoclaving after 1 and 5 days are shown in Fig. 12.8. After the
irst day of incubation, cells show good adhesion to the surface of
studied samples in the form of ilopodia. After 5 days of incubation,
the typical monolayer was observed. The same results were
obtained in the case of other studied nanocomposites as well as
microcrystalline titanium. Earlier, it has been demonstrated that
metal (Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCrMo) surfaces utilizing submicron to
nanometer particles, due to higher amounts of particle boundaries
at their surfaces, promoted the adhesion of osteoblasts as compared
to metals composed of respective micron particles [142].
Figure 12.8
SEM images of the cells cultured on nanocomposite Ti-10
vol% 45S5 Bioglass after 1(left, magniication 7000×) and 5
(right, magniication 3500×) days.
Cytotoxicity tests of the extracts of studied Ti-45S5 Bioglass
materials under wear conditions are shown in Fig. 12.9. The relative
viability of the cells (RVC) decreases when fraction increases. It is
important to note that the RVC of nanoscale Ti-45S5 Bioglass is
higher in comparison with microcrystalline titanium. The wear
and fretting accelerates the corrosion of the studied samples in a
