Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
a surface that has more nanorough features possesses increased
surface energy which leads to greater protein adsorption [64, 136,
146]. This study also conirmed the same correlation as it revealed
that nanorough, nanotubular, and nanotextured Ti possessed higher
degrees of nanometer features, higher surface energy, and increased
ibronectin adsorption compared to conventional Ti. Furthermore,
research has also shown that increased protein adsorption, such as
ibronectin, results in decreased bacteria attachment [10, 69, 70].
Figure 12.4
SEM micrographs of Ti before and after electron beam
evaporation and anodization: (a) conventional Ti; (b) nano-
rough Ti after electron beam evaporation; (c) nanotextured
Ti after anodization for 1 min in 0.5% HF at 20 V;
(d) nanotubular Ti after anodization for 10 min in 1.5% HF
at 20 V. Scale bars = 200 nm [108].
Compared to conventional Ti, nanorough Ti possessed no
chemical difference, and, thus, the presence of nanometer features
alone (higher surface energy) increased ibronectin adsorption,
which decreased bacterial attachment.
Although total bacteria adhered the most to the anodized
nanotubular surfaces, this study also revealed that the anodized
surfaces (nanotubular and nanotextured Ti) decreased the
percentage of living cells compared to the non-luorinated surfaces
