Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Bone to metal contact (BMC) measurements in all implants
demonstrated signiicant differences in comparison with the paired
control groups. Figure 9.32 shows comparisons of the bone contact
in all threads between test groups and the paired control groups.
The increase of mean BMC values was 186% in S implants, 232% in
P implants, and 272% in Ca implants compared to the paired control
groups. The mean BMC values were 39% in S implants vs. 21% in the
paired controls, 44% in P implants vs. 19% in the paired controls,
and 49% in Ca implants vs. 18% in the paired controls [81].
Table 9.2 Surface oxide characteristics of the control and tests of the
screw-shaped cp titanium implants [81]
Oxide
characteristics
Turned
implant
S implant
P implant
Ca implant
Chemical
composition
Primarily TiO 2
Contaminant C,
Traces Ca, Na,
Si < 1%
Primarily TiO 2
and S ≤ 1 at.%
Contaminant C,
Traces Ca, Na,
Si<1%
Primarily TiO 2
and P ≤ 8 at.%
Contaminant C,
Traces Ca, Na,
Si < 1%
Primarily
TiO 2
and Ca ≤ 11
at.%
Contaminant
C,
Traces Ca, Na,
Si < 1%
Oxide thickness 17 ± 6 nm
1080 ± 324 nm 1224 ± 144 nm 1296 ± 225
nm
Morphology Nonporous
structure being
with turned
grooves
≤10 μm
Porous
structure being
with a number
of craters
Porous
structure being
with a number
of craters ≤1.5
μm by length
Porous
structure
being with
a number of
craters ≤1.3
μm by length
Pore size
distribution
≤0.2 μm by
length
≤1.5 μm by
length
≤1.3 μm by
length
Crystallinity Amorphous Strong anatase Amorphous Anatase
Roughness Sa 0.83 ± 0.32 μm 1.04 ± 0.42 μm 0.83 ± 0.29 μm 0.85 ± 0.32
μm
Roughness Scx 9.78 ± 1.4 μm 12.05 ± 3.74
μm
11.19 ± 2.33
μm
9.83 ± 1.07
μm
 
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