Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
compression method (CEC) or equal channel angular extrusion
(ECAE)) [39, 46, 50, 51], show that such a transformation is indeed
possible. Currently, at Poznan University of Technology, we facilitate
the multidisciplinary interaction of physicists, chemists, materials
engineers, biologists, and dentists collaborating on nanoscience, with
the goal of integrating nanoscale materials with biological systems.
The aim of our research is to develop a new generation of titanium
(Ni-free stainless steel)-ceramic bionanocomposites by producing
the porous structures with a strictly speciied chemical and phase
compositions, porosity and surface morphology and, as such, will
adhere well to the substrate, show high hardness, high resistance to
biological corrosion and good biocompatibility with human tissues.
Nanomaterials can be metals, ceramics, polymers, and composite
materials that demonstrate novel properties compared with
conventional (microcrystalline) materials due to their nanoscale
features. Moreover, researchers have exhibited an increased interest
in exploring numerous biomedical applications of nanomaterials and
nanocomposites [3, 6, 40]. Till now, it has been shown that implants
made from metallic, carbon, or oxide bionanomaterials considerably
improved the prosthesis strength and their biocompatibility. These
nanocrystalline structures can be produced by non-equilibrium
processing techniques such as mechanical alloying [4, 9, 47].
The current projects aim to fabricate Ti-based porous scaffolds to
promote bone or tissue ingrowth into pores and provide biological
anchorage. Generally, porous metallic scaffolds are fabricated using
a variety of processes to provide a high degree of interconnected
porosity to allow bone ingrowth. Fabrication technologies include
chemical vapor iniltration to deposit tantalum onto vitreous
carbon foams, solid freeform fabrication, self-propagating high-
temperature synthesis, and powder metallurgy [13, 20, 29, 34, 45,
48]. While these porous metals have been successful at encouraging
bone ingrowth both in vivo and in clinical trials, the range of materials
and microstructures available is still rather limited. It is important to
use appropriate surface modiication to increase the anti-corrosive
and biocompatible properties of Ti implants for long-term clinical
applications.
Mechanical alloying, high-energy ball milling, reactive milling,
chemical vapor transport, solid-liquid-vapor growth, solvothermal
synthesis, solid-gas high-temperature reactions, microwave
chemistry, arc furnace techniques, aerosol spray techniques, liquid
 
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