Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 13.5
Setup of the experiment
the ball in the goal, these velocities allowed the definition of the full ball trajectory
thanks to a dynamic ball model (Fig.
13.6
and [
16
] for details).
All the developed components of the final virtual reality solutionwere integrated in
the 3D development software Motionbuilder (3D soccer pitch, humanoid animation,
ball animation, management of the interface).
13.3.2 Methods
11 mid-level goalkeepers who play at a departmental or regional level (mean age 26.1
±
4.1 years) volunteered to take part in the experiment. The mean playing experience
for these experts was 16.4
5.4 years.Participants had to intercept different free kick
conditions as in a real situation. These following conditions were mixed: 2 free kicks
(in the top left and right corners), 2 wall positions (aligned with the right or left
goalpost) and 2 numbers of players in the wall (4 or 5). Moreover, four other free
kicks were added in order to keep a sufficient level of uncertainty. Note that all the
left and right sides refer to the kicker's viewpoint. The 48 experimental trials were
presented in four randomized blocks of 12 trials (2 free kicks * 2 wall positions * 2
numbers of players
±
+
4 random free kicks). The participants then saw 8 different free
