Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 12
Multimodal Rendering of Walking Over
Virtual Grounds
Maud Marchal, Gabriel Cirio, Yon Visell, Federico Fontana,
Stefania Serafin, Jeremy Cooperstock and Anatole Lécuyer
Abstract
The addition of multimodal feedback during navigation in a virtual envi-
ronment is fundamental when aiming at fully immersive and realistic simulations.
Several visual, acoustic, haptic or vibrotactile perceptual cues can be generated when
walking over a ground surface. Such sensory feedback can provide crucial and varied
information regarding either the ground material itself, the properties of the ground
surface such as slope or elasticity, the surrounding environment, the specificities
of the foot-floor interaction such as gait phase or forces, or even users' emotions.
This chapter addresses the multimodal rendering of walking over virtual ground sur-
faces, incorporating haptic, acoustic and graphic rendering to enable truly multimodal
walking experiences.
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G. Cirio
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A. Lécuyer
INRIA Rennes, France
e-mail: maud.marchal@inria.fr
M. Marchal
INSA Rennes, France
Y. Vi s e l l
Drexel University, USA
F. Fontana
University of Udine, Italy
S. Sarafin
Aalborg University, Denmark
J. Cooperstock
Mc Gill University, Canada
M. Marchal
