Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 5.2
Effect of body-based information on navigation performance and survey knowledge
(direction and straight line distance estimates)
Study Extent Visual Navigation Direction Distance
scene
estimates estimates
Vis Rot Tran Ful l Vis Rot Tran Ful l Vis Rot Tran Ful l
Single-route acquisition and small-scale environments
Klatzky et al. [
23
]
Small Low
Kearns et al. [
24
]
Small Low
n.s.
n.s.
Peruch et al. [
25
] Small Low
Single-route acquisition and large-scale environments
Chance et al. [
13
] Small Low
Ruddle et al. (Expt. 2) [
15
]Small High
Suma et al. (Exp. 1) [
14
]
Small High
n.s.
n.s.
Witmer et al. [
18
]
Large High
Grantetal.[
26
]
Large High
n.s.
n.s.
Waller et al. [
2
]
Large High
Waller et al. [
27
]
Large High
n.s.
n.s.
Whole-environment acquisition and small-scale environments
Ruddle et al. (Expt. 2) [
11
] Small Low
Riecke et al. [
12
] Small Low
Ruddle et al. (Expt. 1) [
11
] Small Medium
Whole-environment acquisition and large-scale environments
Ruddle et al. (Expt. 1) [
17
]Small High
Ruddle et al. [
28
]
Large Low
n.s. n.s.
n.s. n.s.
Ruddle et al. [
29
]
Large Medium n.s. n.s.
n.s. n.s.
Ruddle et al. (Expt. 2) [
17
] Large High n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s.
See
Review framework
for a detailed explanation
environment and, therefore, were provided with rotational and translational body-
based information, as well as visual information. The terms Vis, Rot, Tran and Full
are used as generic group names in the remainder of this article.
In Table
5.2
, cells are blank if the relevant metric or category of body-based
information was not investigated in a given study. For example, Chance et al. [
13
]
only investigated direction estimates for Vis, Rot and Full conditions. If there was
no significant difference for a given metric then all the categories of body-based
information that were investigated in the study are marked as “n.s.” (e.g., Vis and
Full, for distance estimates in Kearns et al. [
24
]). Where a study reported statistically
significant differences, shading shows the worst , inermediate and
best
performing
conditions. The logic used to determine the shading is best explained using examples.
Chance et al. [
13
] uses all three levels of shading because there was a main effect
of direction estimate accuracy, pair-wise comparisons showed that the Full group
