Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Artificial Scaffolds and Mesenchymal
Stem Cells for Hard Tissues
Margit Schulze and Edda Tobiasch
Abstract Medicine was revolutionized in the last two centuries and its advances
have more than doubled life expectancy. Nevertheless, some problems are as old
as mankind and although the underlying causes might have changed, the problems
themselves have not. Musculoskeletal disorders and tooth loss are such problems;
they are the major reasons for the ever-growing need for bone replacement, which
cannot always be realized by autologous material. New, multidisciplinary strate-
gies are needed for the development of novel materials to meet the demand.
Stem-cell-based approaches combined with newly designed scaffold materials
seem to be promising tools for constructing tissue replacements. Human mesen-
chymal stem cells and their remarkable differentiation potential are an interesting
cell source for the development of bio-engineered tissues. Scaffolds based on
natural and synthetic materials with or without the use of bioactive molecules are
constructed to mimic the natural environment. They can improve proliferation and
differentiation of the scaffold-seeded cells. Combined, they can provide specific
remedies for hard tissue replacement, which will be discussed in this chapter.
Keywords Bioactive factors Biomaterials Bone Composites Dental
Differentiation Hard tissue Mesenchymal stem cells Polymers Proliferation
Regenerative medicine Scaffolds Tissue engineering
Abbreviations
2D
Two-dimensional
3D
Three-dimensional
AAV
Adeno-associated virus
ALS
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
ATP
Adenosine-5 0 -triphosphate
ATSC
Adipose tissue derived stem cell
BMSC
Bone marrow stromal cell
M. Schulze E. Tobiasch (
)
Deptartment of Natural Sciences,
University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhine-Sieg,
von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
e-mail: edda.tobiasch@h-bonn-rhein-sieg.de
&
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