Biomedical Engineering Reference
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( a )
( b )
( c )
( d )
( e )
Figure 1.3 HA-based scaffold: ( a) Histological evaluation of the defect implanted
with chondrocyte-seeded Hyaff®-11 at 4 weeks after transplantation. The lesion
is still present but some clusters of cartilagineous tissue shows on bone surface.
(b) Histological evaluation of the defect implanted with chondrocyte-seeded
Hyaff®-11 at 12 weeks after transplantation. Fibrous and hyaline-like cartilage
populate the defect site. (c) Histological evaluation of the defect implanted
with chondrocyte-seeded Hyaff®-11 at 24 weeks after transplantation. High
prevalence of hyaline cartilage shows with an irregular surface. Toluidine blue
staining (a-c). (d) Histological analysis of the defect implanted with chondrocyte-
seeded Hyaff®-11 at 24 weeks after transplantation, columnar cartilage-like
structure is visible and evidence of deposition of extracellular matrix. Safranin-
O/fast green stain (polarized light microscopy). (e) Alcian blue staining of
the defect implanted with chondrocyte-seeded Hyaff®-11 at 24 weeks after
transplantation, evidence of proteoglycans production throughout the thickness
of the newly formed cartilage. Reprinted with permission from [76].
interconnected pores, a suitable matrix for tissue growth as examined in
in vivo implantation [84].
Alginate-based hydrogels have been widely studied for their potential
application in cartilage tissue regeneration, both as scaffolds and as matrix
for entrapment and delivery of biologically active molecules or cells
[84-86]. In several studies, alginates have been combined with chondro-
cytes and either injected into the site of interest [87-89] or molded and then
implanted [90]. Wang and coworkers [81] have reported on the develop-
ment of a highly-organized three-dimensional alginate scaffold. They have
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