Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
0.600
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
Pure HA
HZ 1.5
HZ 5
HZ 7.5
HZ 10
HZ 20
HZ 30
Samples
Figure 7.15
Mean optical density data after 4 h of incubation of
E. coli
bacterial on
Pure HA, HZ 1.5, HZ 5, HZ 7.5, HZ 10, HZ 20, and HZ 30 powder samples.
* Represents signifi cant difference at
p
<
0.05 with respect to pure HA and error
bars correspond to
±
1.00 SE [82]. (With permission from John Wiley and Sons)
with lower than 10 wt% ZnO is cytocompatible with good bactericidal
property.
7.2.5.3
Nanoparticles Treatment to Reduce Bacterial Infection
Iron oxide (IO) have attracted the interest of researchers because of its bio-
compatibility as well as magnetic properties [84]. It is hypothesized that
iron oxide nanoparticles could kill bacteria without showing any cytotoxic-
ity in eukaryotic cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) [85]. It is reported
that 4.25 mg/mL concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles show better
osteoblast cell density than the cells cultured in iron oxide
free growth
medium [86]. Taylor
et al.
reported the concentration dependent bactericidal
effects of magnetic IO nanoparticles on
S. epidermidis
. The CFU of
S. epider-
midis
was found to gradually decrease after 12, 24, and 48 hours incubated
with 100
−
g/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL concentration of IO nanopar-
ticles, respectively [87]. It is suggested that ROS can cause damage to pro-
teins and DNA in bacteria [88]. The generated H
2
O
2
consequently reacts
with ferrous irons through the Fenton reaction and produces hydroxyl rad-
icals, which are recognized to damage biological macromolecules [85]. Tran
et al.
reported the dose
μ
−
dependent antibacterial effect of polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA)
coated iron oxide nanoparticles for
S.aureus
via live/dead assay.
The inhibitoriest effect of iron oxide for
S.aureus
is observed at highest con-
centration (3 mg/mL) [12]. Ferrofl uids have good colloidal stability and
−
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