Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
nanosurfaces possess topographic elements truly scaled to naturally
occurring substrates [28].
Nanoscale modification of material surfaces could contribute to the
mimicry of cellular environments to favor the process of rapid bone
accrual. Since the surface roughness of bone is approximately 32 nm,
making it within the nanoscale range, current nanotechnology advances
have granted great advantages in the fi eld of dental implant treatment
[36-39].
Nanotopography alters protein/surface interactions, which are
believed to control osteoblast adhesion [40]. This is a critical aspect of the
osseointegration process. Additionally, focal adhesion is affected by the
nanotopography, especially nanopattern spacing. Cells are remarkable in
their ability to sense nanostructure (Figure 6.4). Nanofeatures of a sur-
face affect both cell adhesion and cell motility. It has been suggested that
70-100 nm features of an implant surface are scaled to function directly
with the focal adhesion of cells [28].
( a )
( b )
( c )
( d )
Figure 6.4 Nanoscale topography-cell interactions. There is apparent affinity
of cells for nanoscale features. 20-40 nm are interactive points for lamellipodia
of spreading cells. The cause and effect relationship is a current point of
investigation. (a) 10,000_ image of adherent cell, (b) and (c) represent
100,000_ images of the same adherent cell and (d) 200,000_ magnification of the
cell with nanofeatures. (b) Higher magnification of the rectangle in (a). (d) Higher
magnification of the rectangle in (b). Reprinted with permission
from [28].
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