Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 3.2.14-2 Physical and chemical surface modification methods
Polymer
Metal
Ceramic
Glass
Noncovalent coatings
Solvent coating
U
U
U
U
Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition
U
U
U
U
Surface-active additives
U
U
U
U
Vapor deposition of carbons and metals
a
U
U
U
U
Vapor deposition of parylene (p-xylylene)
U
U
U
U
Covalently attached coatings
Radiation grafting (electron accelerator and gamma)
d
d
d
U
Photografting (UV and visible sources)
U
d
d
U
Plasma (gas discharge) (RF, microwave, acoustic)
U
U
U
U
Gas-phase deposition
Ion beam sputtering
U
U
U
U
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
d
U
U
U
Flame spray deposition
d
U
U
U
Chemical grafting (e.g., ozonation รพ grafting)
U
U
U
U
Silanization
U
U
U
U
Biological modification (biomolecule immobilization)
U
U
U
U
Modifications of the original surface
Ion beam etching (e.g., argon, xenon)
U
U
U
U
Ion beam implantation (e.g., nitrogen)
d
U
U
U
Plasma etching (e.g., nitrogen, argon, oxygen, water vapor)
U
U
U
U
Corona discharge (in air)
U
U
U
U
U
b
Ion exchange
U
U
U
UV irradiation
U
U
U
U
Chemical reaction
Nonspecific oxidation (e.g., ozone)
U
U
U
U
Functional group modifications (oxidation, reduction)
d
d
d
U
Addition reactions (e.g., acetylation, chlorination)
U
d
d
d
Conversion coatings (phosphating, anodization)
d
d
d
U
Mechanical roughening and polishing
U
U
U
U
a
Some covalent reaction may occur.
b
For polymers with ionic groups.
