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and ''stealth'' surfaces. It is generally acknowledged that
surfaces that strongly adsorb proteins will generally bind
cells, and that surfaces that resist protein adsorption will
also resist cell adhesion. It is also generally recognized
that hydrophilic surfaces are more likely to resist protein
adsorption, and that hydrophobic surfaces usually will
adsorb a monolayer of tightly adsorbed protein. Excep-
tions to these generalizations exist, but, overall, they are
accurate statements.
An important area for NFSs focuses on bacterial
biofilms. Bacteria are believed to adhere to surfaces via
3.2.13 Nonfouling surfaces
Allan S. Hoffman and Buddy D. Ratner
Introduction
''Nonfouling'' surfaces (NFSs) refer to surfaces that resist
the adsorption of proteins and/or adhesion of cells. They
are also loosely referred to as protein-resistant surfaces
