Classes of materials used in medicine - Biomedical Engineering Desk Reference

Biomedical Engineering Reference

In-Depth Information

Table 3.2.12-1 Some examples of biomedical composite systems

Applications

Matrix/reinforcement

Reference

External fixator

Epoxy resins/CF

Migliaresi et al., 2004; Baidya et al., 2001

Bone fracture fixation plates,

pins, screws

Epoxy resins/CF

PMMA/CF

PSU/CF

PP/CF

PE/CF

PBT/CF

PEEK/CF

PEEK/GF

PLLA/HA

PLLA/PLLA fibers

PGA/PGA fibers

Ali et al., 1990; Veerabagu et al., 2003

Woo et al., 1974

Claes et al., 1997

Christel et al., 1980

Rushton and Rae, 1984

Gillett et al., 1986

Fujihara et al., 2001

Lin et al., 1997

Furukawa et al., 2000a

Tormala, 1992; Rokkanen et al., 2000

Spine surgery

PU/bioglass

PSU/bioglass

PEEK/CF

Hydrogels/PET fibers

Claes et al., 1999

Marcolongo et al., 1998

Ciappetta et al., 1997

Ambrosio et al., 1996

Bone cement

PMMA/HA particles

PMMA/glass beads

Calcium phosphate/aramid

fibers, CF, GF, PLGA fibers

PMMA/UHMWPE fibers

Morita et al., 1998

Shinzato et al., 2000

Xu et al., 2000

Yang et al., 1997

Dental cements and other dental

applications

Bis-GMA/inorganic particles

PMMA/KF

Moszner and Salz, 2001

Pourdeyhimi et al., 1986; Vallittu, 1996

Acetabular cups

PEEK/CF

Wang et al., 1998

Hip prostheses stem

PEI/CF-GF

PEEK/CF

De Santis et al., 2000

Akay and Aslan, 1996; Kwarteng, 1990

Bone replacement, substitute

PE/HA particles

Bonfield, 1988; Bonfield et al., 1998

Bone filling, regeneration

Poly(propylene fumarate)/TCP

PEG-PBT/HA

PLGA/HA fibers

P(DLLA-CL)/HA particles

Starch/HA particles

Yaszemski et al., 1996

Qing et al., 1997

Thomson et al., 1998

Ural et al., 2000

Reis and Cunha, 2000;

Leonor et al., 2003

Tendons and ligaments

Hydrogels/PET

Polyolefins/UHMWPE fibers

Kolarik et al., 1981; Iannace et al., 1995

Kazanci et al., 2002

Vascular grafts

PELA/Polyurethane fibers

Gershon et al., 1990; Gershon et al., 1992

Prosthetic limbs

Epoxy resins/CF, GF, KF

Dawson, 2000

Legenda: PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate; PSU, polysulfone; PP, polypropylene; PE, polyethylene; PBT, poly(butylene terephthalate); PEEK, poly(ether ether ketone);

PLLA, poly( L -lactic acid); PGA, poly(glycolic acid); PU, polyurethane; PET, poly(ethylene terephthalate); Bis-GMA, bis-glycidil dimethacrylate; PEI, poly(ether-imide); PEG,

poly(ethylene glycol); PLGA, lactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer; PDLLA, poly( D , L -lactic acid); CL, poly( 3 -caprolactone acid); PELA, ethylene oxide/lactic acid copolymer;

CF, carbon fibers; GF, glass fibers; HA, hydroxyapatite; UHMWPE, ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene; TCP, tricalcium phosphate; KF, Kevlar fibers.

et al. , 1990 ). A good review of absorbable polymers by

Barrows (1986) included PLA, PGA, poly(lactide- co -

glycolide), PDS, poly(glycolide- co -trimethylene carbon-

ate), poly(ethylene carbonate), poly(iminocarbonates),

PCL, polyhydroxybutyrate, poly(amino acids), poly-

(ester amides), poly(ortho esters), poly(anhydrides), and

cyanoacrylates. The more recent review by Middleton

and Tipton (2000) focused on biodegradable polymers

suited for orthopedic applications, mainly PGA and PLA.

The authors examined chemistry, fabrication, mecha-

nisms, degradation, and biocompatibility of different

polymers and devices.