Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
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data: in 1991 the total orthopedic implant and in-
strument market was about $2 billion and was made up
of joint prostheses made primarily of metallic materials
($1.4 billion), together with a wide variety of trauma
products ($0.340 billion), instrumentation devices
($0.266 billion), bone cement accessories ($0.066 bil-
lion), and bone replacement materials ($0.029 billion).
Estimates for other parts of the biomaterials market in-
clude $0.425 billion for oral and maxillofacial implants
and $0.014 billion for periodontal treatments, and ma-
terials for alveolar ridge augmentation or maintenance.
Estimates of the size of the total global biomaterials
market are substantiated by the statistics on clinical pro-
cedures. For example, of the approximately 3.6 million
orthopedic operations per year in the United States, four
of the 10 most frequent involve metallic implants: open
reduction of a fracture and internal fixation (1 on the list);
placement or removal of an internal fixation device
without reduction of a fracture (6); arthroplasty of the
knee or ankle (7), and total hip replacement or arthro-
plasty of the hip (8). Moreover, 1988 statistics show that
although reduction of fractures was first on the list of
3.2.9 Metals
John B. Brunski
Introduction
Implant materials in general, and metallic implant mate-
rials in particular, have a significant economic and clinical
impact on the biomaterials field. The worldwide market
for all types of biomaterials was estimated at over $5 bil-
lion in the late 1980s, but grew to about $20 billion in 2000
and is likely to exceed $23 billion by 2005. With the recent
emergence of the field known as tissue engineering, in-
cluding its strong biomaterials segment, the rate of market
growth has been estimated at about 12-20% per year.
For the United States, the biomaterials market has
been estimated at about $9 billion as of the year 2000,
with a growth rate of about 20% per year. The division of
this market into various submarkets is illustrated by older
