Biomedical Engineering Reference
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FIGURE8.1 Adults and children estimated to be livingwithHIV, 2007 (fromUNAIDS, Core
slides: global summary of the HIV and AIDS epidemic, 2008).
the most effective treatment. Flow cytometry is regarded as the predicate technique in
the evaluation of CD4 T cells. Since the discovery of the HIV virus, flow cytometric
methods have evolved to incorporate improved gating strategies coupled with
enhanced multicolor analysis techniques that have improved the precision of measur-
ing CD4 counts. CD4 T cell enumeration strategies have also evolved to make testing
more accessible and affordable in resource-limited settings [2]. Testing can now be
conducted with low-cost point-of-care technologies that can be used in nontertiary
settings, which allows more routine monitoring. Patients may remain close to their
village or community and need not travel long distances under difficult environmental
conditions to have their CD4 levels checked.
FIGURE 8.2 Number of people receiving antiretroviral drugs in low- and middle-income
countries, 2002
2007 (from UNAIDS, Graphics from 2008 Report on the Global AIDS
Epidemic).
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