Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 3
Real-Time Error Recovery Using
a Compact Dictionary
In this chapter, we present a hardware-assisted error-recovery method that relies
on an error dictionary for rapid error recovery. The error-recovery procedure and
dynamic re-synthesis of a reaction, which is especially attractive for flash chemistry,
can be implemented on a single-board microcontroller in real-time. In order to store
the error dictionary in the limited memory available in the low-cost microcontroller,
we introduce two compaction techniques. We apply five laboratorial protocols to
demonstrate that, compared to software-based methods, the proposed dictionary-
based error-recovery method has less impact on response time, and requires simple
experimental setup, and only a small amount of memory.
This chapter is organized as follows. The research motivation for the hardware-
assisted cyberphysical biochip is introduced in Sect.
3.1
. The proposed algorithm
for creation of the error dictionary is presented in Sect.
3.2
. Section
3.3
introduces
the generation of actuation matrices corresponding to synthesis solutions in the
error dictionary. Section
3.4
illustrates that actuation matrices of bioassays are
sparse. Section
3.5
describes the procedures for compaction of the error dictionary.
The implementation of dictionary-based error recovery on a field-programmable
gate array (FPGA) is introduced in Sect.
3.6
. A fault simulation method with
consideration of parameter variation in the fabrication process is discussed in
Sect.
3.7
. Simulation results are shown in Sect.
3.8
, and conclusions are presented
in Sect.
3.9
.
3.1
Motivation and Related Prior Work
Flash chemistry has emerged as a highlight of recent research in chemical synthesis,
where reactions are rapidly carried out and carefully controlled in real-time to
produce desired compounds with high selectivity [
1
]. It can be used as a powerful
tool for drug discovery, clinical diagnosis, and novel material synthesis [
1
-
3
].
