Hardware Reference
In-Depth Information
Tabl e 4. 4
Comparisons for the numbers of interrupted operations between
PRSA-based algorithm [
6
] and the proposed method
No. of operations
Total no.
No. of operations
interrupted
Bioassay
of operations
interrupted [
6
]
(proposed method)
Exponential dilution
103
97
0
Interpolating dilution
71
65
0
PCR
15
3
0
4.5.2.3
Number of Operations Interrupted Under Uncertainty
Suppose we run the synthesis results derived by the PRSA-based algorithm on
a cyberphysical biochip. If the execution time of an operation O
longer
is longer
than the time defined by the module library, then the controller can stop all other
operations until operation O
longer
is completed. In this method, time-consuming on-
line resynthesis can be avoided. However, the executions of other operations have
to be interrupted.
Based on the Gaussian assumption in Sect.
4.5.2.1
, the probability that “an
operation's execution time is longer than the time defined in the module library” is
0:5, if no extra execution time is added for each operation. We simulate the bioassay
and count the number of operations that must be interrupted. During the execution
of a bioassay, an operation may be interrupted multiple times; however, we count
such cases as one interrupted operation. Hence the number of interruptions reported
for the baseline method is less than the actual number of interruptions experienced.
The total number of operations, and the number of operations that are interrupted
in the three bioassays, are listed in Table
4.4
. We note that nearly all the operations
are interrupted for the synthesis results derived using the PRSA-based algorithm.
The interruptions that occur during the execution of the bioassay may influence the
quality of output droplets [
11
]. On the other hand, in the proposed algorithm, no
operations are interrupted, and the assay proceeds in an unimpeded manner.
4.5.3
Results Derived by the Operation-Interdependency-
Aware Synthesis Approach
In this part, we assume that the completion times of mixing operations performed
by different kinds of mixers are the same as the time defined in the module
library in Table
4.1
[
6
]. If the bioassays are mapped to direct-addressing biochips,
the synthesis results derived by the operation-interdependency-aware synthesis
approach can be found in Table
4.5
. Here the completion time of D/M phases
is defined as the sum of time spans for all the D/M phases in the bioassay. The
completion time of T phases is defined as the sum of time spans for all the T phases
in the bioassay. The clock frequency of T phase is set as 1 Hz. From Table
4.5
,we
