Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
T 27). The range of particle sizes in aggregate is illustrated
in Fig. 5-4. The aggregate particle size is determined by
using wire-mesh sieves with square openings. The seven
standard ASTM C 33 (AASHTO M 6/M 80) sieves for fine
aggregate have openings ranging from 150 µm to 9.5 mm
(No. 100 sieve to
3
⁄
8
in.). The 13 standard sieves for coarse
aggregate have openings ranging from 1.18 mm to 100 mm
(0.046 in. to 4 in.). Tolerances for the dimensions of open-
ings in sieves are listed in ASTM E 11 (AASHTO M 92).
Size numbers (grading sizes) for coarse aggregates
apply to the amounts of aggregate (by mass) in percent-
ages that pass through an assortment of sieves (Fig. 5-5).
For highway construction, ASTM D 448 (AASHTO M 43)
lists the same 13 size numbers as in ASTM C 33
Table 5.2. Characteristics and Tests of Aggregate
Characteristic
Significance
Test designation*
Requirement or item reported
Resistance to abrasion
Index of aggregate quality;
ASTM C 131
(AASHTO T 96)
Maximum percentage of
and degradation
wear resistance of floors and
ASTM C 535
weight loss. Depth of wear
pavements
ASTM C 779
and time
Resistance to freezing
Surface scaling, roughness,
ASTM C 666
(AASHTO T 161)
Maximum number of cycles
and thawing
loss of section, and
ASTM C 682
or period of frost immunity;
aesthetics
(
AASHTO T 103
durability factor
Resistance to disintegration
Soundness against
ASTM C 88
(AASHTO T 104)
Weight loss, particles
by sulfates
weathering action
exhibiting distress
Particle shape and
Workability of fresh
ASTM C 295
Maximum percentage of flat
surface texture
concrete
ASTM D 3398
and elongated particles
Grading
Workability of fresh concrete;
ASTM C 117
(AASHTO T 11)
Minimum and maximum
economy
ASTM C 136
(AASHTO T 27)
percentage passing
standard sieves
Fine aggregate degradation
Index of aggregate quality;
ASTM C 1137
Change in grading
Resistance to degradation
during mixing
Uncompacted void content
Workability of fresh
ASTM C 1252
(AASHTO T 304)
Uncompacted voids and
of fine aggregate
concrete
specific gravity values
Bulk density
Mix design calculations;
ASTM C 29
(AASHTO T 19)
Compact weight and
(unit weight)
classification
loose weight
Relative density
Mix design calculations
ASTM C 127
(AASHTO T 85)
—
(specific gravity)
fine aggregate
ASTM C 128 (AASHTO T 84)
coarse aggregate
Absorption and surface
Control of concrete quality
ASTM C 70
—
moisture
(water-cement ratio)
ASTM C 127
(AASHTO T 85)
ASTM C 128
(AASHTO T 84)
ASTM C 566
(AASHTO T 255)
Compressive and flexural
Acceptability of fine
ASTM C 39
(AASHTO T 22)
Strength to exceed 95% of
strength
aggregate failing other tests
ASTM C 78
(AASHTO T 97)
strength achieved with purified
sand
Definitions of constituents
Clear understanding and
ASTM C 125
—
communication
ASTM C 294
Aggregate constituents
Determine amount of
ASTM C 40
(AASHTO T 21)
Maximum percentage allowed
deleterious and organic
ASTM C 87
(AASHTO T 71)
of individual constituents
materials
ASTM C 117
(AASHTO T 11)
ASTM C 123
(AASHTO T 113)
ASTM C 142
(AASHTO T 112)
ASTM C 295
Resistance to alkali
Soundness against
ASTM C 227
Maximum length change,
reactivity and volume
volume change
ASTM C 289
constituents and amount
change
ASTM C 295
of silica, and alkalinity
ASTM C 342
ASTM C 586
ASTM C 1260
(AASHTO T 303)
ASTM C 1293
* The majority of the tests and characteristics listed are referenced in ASTM C 33 (AASHTO M 6/M 80).
ACI 221R-96
presents additional test
methods and properties of concrete influenced by aggregate characteristics.
